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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
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| ==Historical Perspective==
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| Congenital adrenal hyperplasia first time seen in 1865 by Luigi De Crecchio, an Italian pathologist, in a man at autopsy, who had large adrenal glands and female internal organs. Important aspects of discoverinh adrenal hormones and diseased include congenital adrenal hyperplasia below:<ref name="pmid25635623">{{cite journal |vauthors=Delle Piane L, Rinaudo PF, Miller WL |title=150 years of congenital adrenal hyperplasia: translation and commentary of De Crecchio's classic paper from 1865 |journal=Endocrinology |volume=156 |issue=4 |pages=1210–7 |year=2015 |pmid=25635623 |doi=10.1210/en.2014-1879 |url=}}</ref><ref name="ISBN:978-0323297387">{{cite book | last = Melmed | first = Shlomo | title = Williams textbook of endocrinology | publisher = Elsevier | location = Philadelphia, PA | year = 2016 | isbn = 978-0323297387 }}=</ref><ref name="pmid18118071">{{cite journal |vauthors=HENCH PS, KENDALL EC |title=The effect of a hormone of the adrenal cortex (17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone; compound E) and of pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone on rheumatoid arthritis |journal=Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin |volume=24 |issue=8 |pages=181–97 |year=1949 |pmid=18118071 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4288776">{{cite journal |vauthors=Biglieri EG, Herron MA, Brust N |title=17-hydroxylation deficiency in man |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=45 |issue=12 |pages=1946–54 |year=1966 |pmid=4288776 |pmc=292880 |doi=10.1172/JCI105499 |url=}}</ref>
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| * In 1563, Eustachius described the adrenals and then published by Lancisi in 1714.
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| * In 1849, Thomas Addison, found on a bronzed appearance associated with the adrenal glands called melasma suprarenale while searching for the cause of pernicious anemia.
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| * In 1855, Thomas Addison defined the clinical features and autopsy findings in 11 cases of diseases of the suprarenal capsules, and half of them were tuberculous in origin.
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| * In 1856, In adrenalectomy experiments, Brown-Séquard found that the adrenal glands are nessesary for life.
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| * In 1896, William Osler prepared an oral glycerin extract derived from pig adrenals and showed that it had clinical benefit in patients with Addison disease.
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| * In 1905, Bulloch and Sequeira described patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
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| * In 1936, Selye described the concept of stress and its effect on pituitary-adrenal function.
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| * In 1937-1952, Kendall and Reichstein, defined the Isolation and structural characterization of adrenocortical hormones.
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| * In 1943, Li and colleagues isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone from sheep pituitary.
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| * In 1950, Hench, Kendall, and Reichstein shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine for describing the anti-inflammatory effects of cortisone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
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| * In 1956, Conn described primary aldosteronism.
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| * In 1981, Vale defined characterization and synthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone.
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| * From 1980-present called the molecular era:
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| ** Cloning and functional characterization of steroid receptors
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| ** Steroidogenic enzymes
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| ** Adrenal transcription factors are reported
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| ** Molecular basis for human adrenal diseases.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |