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==Overview==
==Overview==
Neoplastic meningitis is the development of [[meningitis]] due to infiltration of the [[subarachnoid space]] by tumor cells. Malignant cells come from primary cancer such as [[breast cancer]] or from a primary brain tumor like [[medulloblastoma]].<ref name=overviewnm1>Neoplastic meningitis. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplastic_meningitis. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>
Neoplastic meningitis is the development of [[meningitis]] due to infiltration of the [[subarachnoid space]] by tumor cells. Malignant cells come from primary cancer such as [[breast cancer]] or from a primary brain tumor like [[medulloblastoma]].<ref name=overviewnm1>Neoplastic meningitis. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplastic_meningitis. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref> The microscopic pathology of neoplastic meningitis may vary according to the primary cancer involved. Generally, on microscopic histopathological analysis, neoplastic meningitis is characterized by large, hyperchromatic cells.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
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==Classification==
==Classification==
There is no classification system established for neoplastic meningitis.


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
Neoplastic meningitis refers to the spread of malignant cells through the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] space. These cells can be originated both in primary CNS tumors (e.g. drop-metastases), as well as from distant tumors that have metastasized (hematogenous spread).<ref name=nm1introduction>Leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 20, 2016</ref> The microscopic pathology of neoplastic meningitis may vary according to the primary cancer involved. Generally, on microscopic histopathological analysis, neoplastic meningitis is characterized by large, hyperchromatic cells.<ref name="BerzeroDiamanti2015">{{cite journal|last1=Berzero|first1=Giulia|last2=Diamanti|first2=Luca|last3=Di Stefano|first3=Anna Luisa|last4=Bini|first4=Paola|last5=Franciotta|first5=Diego|last6=Imarisio|first6=Ilaria|last7=Pedrazzoli|first7=Paolo|last8=Magrassi|first8=Lorenzo|last9=Morbini|first9=Patrizia|last10=Farina|first10=Lisa Maria|last11=Bastianello|first11=Stefano|last12=Ceroni|first12=Mauro|last13=Marchioni|first13=Enrico|title=Meningeal Melanomatosis: A Challenge for Timely Diagnosis|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2015|year=2015|pages=1–6|issn=2314-6133|doi=10.1155/2015/948497}}</ref>


==Causes==
==Causes==
Common causes of neoplastic meningitis include primary [[brain tumor|intracerebral malignancies]] ([[glioblastoma multiforme]], [[anaplastic astrocytoma]], [[medulloblastoma]]) and metastatic disease ([[breast cancer]], [[lung cancer]], [[melanoma]], [[lymphoma]], [[leukemia]]).<ref name=causes1>Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>


==Differentiating Neoplastic Meningitis from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Neoplastic Meningitis from other Diseases==

Revision as of 14:26, 25 January 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Neoplastic meningitis is the development of meningitis due to infiltration of the subarachnoid space by tumor cells. Malignant cells come from primary cancer such as breast cancer or from a primary brain tumor like medulloblastoma.[1] The microscopic pathology of neoplastic meningitis may vary according to the primary cancer involved. Generally, on microscopic histopathological analysis, neoplastic meningitis is characterized by large, hyperchromatic cells.

Historical Perspective

Neoplastic meningitis was first reported in the 1870's.[1]

Classification

There is no classification system established for neoplastic meningitis.

Pathophysiology

Neoplastic meningitis refers to the spread of malignant cells through the cerebrospinal fluid space. These cells can be originated both in primary CNS tumors (e.g. drop-metastases), as well as from distant tumors that have metastasized (hematogenous spread).[2] The microscopic pathology of neoplastic meningitis may vary according to the primary cancer involved. Generally, on microscopic histopathological analysis, neoplastic meningitis is characterized by large, hyperchromatic cells.[3]

Causes

Common causes of neoplastic meningitis include primary intracerebral malignancies (glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma) and metastatic disease (breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia).[4]

Differentiating Neoplastic Meningitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

There are no primary or secondary preventive measures available for neoplastic meningitis.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Neoplastic meningitis. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoplastic_meningitis. Accessed on January 19, 2016
  2. Leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 20, 2016
  3. Berzero, Giulia; Diamanti, Luca; Di Stefano, Anna Luisa; Bini, Paola; Franciotta, Diego; Imarisio, Ilaria; Pedrazzoli, Paolo; Magrassi, Lorenzo; Morbini, Patrizia; Farina, Lisa Maria; Bastianello, Stefano; Ceroni, Mauro; Marchioni, Enrico (2015). "Meningeal Melanomatosis: A Challenge for Timely Diagnosis". BioMed Research International. 2015: 1–6. doi:10.1155/2015/948497. ISSN 2314-6133.
  4. Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016


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