Retinoblastoma natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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In the developed world, retinoblastoma has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers (95-98%), with more than nine out of every ten sufferers surviving into adulthood. In the UK, around 40 to 50 new cases are diagnosed each year. | In the developed world, retinoblastoma has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers (95-98%), with more than nine out of every ten sufferers surviving into adulthood. In the UK, around 40 to 50 new cases are diagnosed each year. | ||
== | ==Complications== | ||
The complications of retinoblastoma may be | |||
*Local spread of tumor | *Local spread of tumor | ||
*Development of other tumors | *Development of other tumors | ||
*Cataract from radiotherapy | *Cataract from radiotherapy | ||
*Failure of tooth eruption after radiotherapy | *Failure of tooth eruption after radiotherapy | ||
*Bony deformities | *Bony deformities | ||
Revision as of 16:30, 8 September 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Retinoblastoma Microchapters |
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Overview
If left untreated, the tumor fills the eye and completely destroys the globe in six months .Retinoblastoma is a rapidly growing tumor. Metastatic spread begins after six months and metastasized tumor is very rare at presentation. The tumor may spread through the subarachnoid space to the contralateral optic nerve or through the cerebrospinal fluid to the central nervous system or hematogenously to the lung, bone, or brain or by lymphatics if the tumor spreads anteriorly into the conjunctivae and eyelids, or extends into extraocular tissue. The most common routes of metastatic spread are direct infiltration via the optic nerve to the central nervous system, or spread via the choroid to the orbit. If untreated, death usually occurs in few years.
Natural History
Prognosis
The prognosis of retinoblastoma depends on the following:
- Whether or not the tumor can be removed by surgery
- The stage of the cancer: the size of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread
- The child’s general health
Good prognosis depends upon early presentation of the child in health facility. Late presentation of the child in hospital is associated with poor prognosis.
Survival
Survivors of hereditary retinoblastoma have a higher risk of developing other cancers later in life. In the developed world, retinoblastoma has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers (95-98%), with more than nine out of every ten sufferers surviving into adulthood. In the UK, around 40 to 50 new cases are diagnosed each year.
Complications
The complications of retinoblastoma may be
- Local spread of tumor
- Development of other tumors
- Cataract from radiotherapy
- Failure of tooth eruption after radiotherapy
- Bony deformities
References
See also
Template:Nervous tissue tumors