ST elevation myocardial infarction causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | |||
===Common Causes=== | |||
====By Organ System==== | ====By Organ System==== | ||
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 14:51, 1 October 2014
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Microchapters |
Differentiating ST elevation myocardial infarction from other Diseases |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
ST elevation myocardial infarction causes On the Web |
Directions to Hospitals Treating ST elevation myocardial infarction |
Risk calculators and risk factors for ST elevation myocardial infarction causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The most common proximate cause of ST elevation myocardial infarction is plaque rupture. There are risk factors for plaque rupture and triggers of plaque rupture. A full discussion regarding the chronic risk factors and acute triggers of ST elevation MI can be found in other chapters.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
By Organ System
Cardiovascular | Aortic dissection more often extends to occlude the ostium of the right coronary artery
Aortic stenosis can cause subendocardial ischemia and infarction if demand grossly exceeds supply |
Chemical / poisoning | Carbon monoxide poisoning |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | Oral contraceptive pills, nuvaring (etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol vaginal ring), particularly among women who smoke |
Ear Nose Throat | A recent upper respiratory tract infections has been associated with a 4.9 fold rise in the risk of MI |
Endocrine | Thyrotoxicosis,
Adrenal myocarditis, where elevated levels of catecholamines due to pheochromocytoma cause myocarditis and STEMI.[1][2][3] |
Environmental | Blizzards and snow shoveling, and inhalation of fine particulate matter in areas with air pollution and high traffic have been identified as triggers of MI. |
Gastroenterologic | A heavy meal has been associated with a 4 fold rise in the risk of MI, and it is not clear if this is mediated by hyperadrenergic tone[4]; |
Genetic | Familial hypercholesterolemia |
Hematologic | Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) |
Iatrogenic | Epinephrine overdose
Sudden withdrawal of Beta blockers or nitrates |
Infectious Disease | A recent upper respiratory tract infections has been associated with a 4.9 fold rise in the risk of MI
Infectious endocarditis may STEMI as a result of embolization |
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional / Metabolic | A heavy meal has been associated with a 4 fold rise in the risk of MI and it is not clear if this is mediated by hyperadrenergic tone[4];
Mucopolysaccharidoses or Hurler disease Thiamine deficiency has been associated with ST elevation and myonecrosis [5] [6] [7] |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | Spontaneous coronary dissection in the setting of pregnancy |
Oncologic | Radiation therapy can accelerate atherosclerosis particularly in the distribution of the left anterior descending artery; |
Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose / Toxicity | Cocaine ingestion which may result in direct myocyte injury due to an adrendergic surge, vasoconstriction of the microvasculature or plaque rupture and thrombus formation;
Marijuana ingestion has been identified as a trigger of MI. |
Psychiatric | Anger, anxiety, bereavement, work-related stress, earthquakes, bombings and other psychosocial stressors have been identified as triggers of MI, and it is not clear if the mechanism is plaque rupture or hyperadrenergic tone;
Stress cardiomyopathy or Broken heart syndrome causes ST segment elevation most often in the anterior precordium and is thought to be due to direct myocyte injury from a hyperadrenergic stimulation emanating from the central nervous system. |
Pulmonary | A recent upper respiratory tract infections has been associated with a 4.9 fold rise in the risk of MI |
Renal / Electrolyte | Homocystinuria |
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Takayasus |
Sexual | Sexual activity has been identified as a trigger of MI |
Trauma | Both penetrating and non-penetrating trauma to the heart or myocardial contusion, commotio cordis can be associated with ST elevation and myonecrosis. |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | Hypotension particularly if it is prolonged |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Roghi A, Pedrotti P, Milazzo A, Bonacina E, Bucciarelli-Ducci C (2011). "Adrenergic myocarditis in pheochromocytoma". J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 13: 4. doi:10.1186/1532-429X-13-4. PMC 3025878. PMID 21223554.
- ↑ Navarro I, Molina M, Civera M, Ascaso JF, Real JT, Carmena R (2011). "[Catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy triggered by pheochromocytoma]". Endocrinol Nutr. 58 (4): 204–6. doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2010.11.005. PMID 21393076.
- ↑ Subramanyam S, Kreisberg RA (2012). "Pheochromocytoma: a cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, transient left ventricular dysfunction, and takotsubo cardiomyopathy". Endocr Pract. 18 (4): e77–80. doi:10.4158/EP11346.CR. PMID 22441003.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lipovetzky N, Hod H, Roth A, Kishon Y, Sclarovsky S, Green MS (2004). "Heavy meals as a trigger for a first event of the acute coronary syndrome: a case-crossover study". Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 6 (12): 728–31. PMID 15609883. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Kawano H, Koide Y, Toda G, Yano K (2005). "ST-segment elevation of electrocardiogram in a patient with Shoshin beriberi". Intern. Med. 44 (6): 578–85. PMID 16020883. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Hundley JM, Ashburn LL, Sebrell WH. The electrocardiogram in chronic thiamine deficiency in rats. Am J Physiol 144: 404–414, 1954.
- ↑ Read DH, Harrington DD (1981). "Experimentally induced thiamine deficiency in beagle dogs: clinical observations". Am. J. Vet. Res. 42 (6): 984–91. PMID 7197132. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)