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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Glioblastoma multiforme is the the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm worldwide. | Glioblastoma multiforme is the the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm worldwide. The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme is estimated to be 3.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Glioblastoma multiforme is a common disease that tends to affect older adults and the elderly population. The median age at diagnosis is 64 years. Males are more commonly affected with glioblastoma multiforme than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.5 to 1. Glioblastoma multiforme usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
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*Glioblastoma multiforme is the the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm worldwide.<ref name="ddd">Epidemiology of glioblastoma multiforme. Dr Dylan Kurda and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastoma</ref> | *Glioblastoma multiforme is the the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm worldwide.<ref name="ddd">Epidemiology of glioblastoma multiforme. Dr Dylan Kurda and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastoma</ref> | ||
*The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme is estimated to be 3.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid25053711">{{cite journal| author=Thakkar JP, Dolecek TA, Horbinski C, Ostrom QT, Lightner DD, Barnholtz-Sloan JS et al.| title=Epidemiologic and molecular prognostic review of glioblastoma. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 2014 | volume= 23 | issue= 10 | pages= 1985-96 | pmid=25053711 | doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0275 | pmc=PMC4185005 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25053711 }} </ref> | *The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme is estimated to be 3.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.<ref name="pmid25053711">{{cite journal| author=Thakkar JP, Dolecek TA, Horbinski C, Ostrom QT, Lightner DD, Barnholtz-Sloan JS et al.| title=Epidemiologic and molecular prognostic review of glioblastoma. | journal=Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev | year= 2014 | volume= 23 | issue= 10 | pages= 1985-96 | pmid=25053711 | doi=10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0275 | pmc=PMC4185005 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25053711 }} </ref> | ||
*This is highest IR among brain and CNS tumors with malignant behavior . | *This is highest IR among brain and CNS tumors with malignant behavior. <ref name="pmid17618441">{{cite journal |vauthors=Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P |title=The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system |journal=Acta Neuropathol. |volume=114 |issue=2 |pages=97–109 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17618441 |pmc=1929165 |doi=10.1007/s00401-007-0243-4 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Incidence is highest in the northeast and lowest in the south-central region of US.<ref name="pmid24137015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Farah P, Ondracek A, Chen Y, Wolinsky Y, Stroup NE, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS |title=CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006-2010 |journal=Neuro-oncology |volume=15 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=ii1–56 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24137015 |pmc=3798196 |doi=10.1093/neuonc/not151 |url=}}</ref> | *Incidence is highest in the northeast and lowest in the south-central region of US.<ref name="pmid24137015">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Farah P, Ondracek A, Chen Y, Wolinsky Y, Stroup NE, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS |title=CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006-2010 |journal=Neuro-oncology |volume=15 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=ii1–56 |date=November 2013 |pmid=24137015 |pmc=3798196 |doi=10.1093/neuonc/not151 |url=}}</ref> | ||
=== '''Mortality rate''' === | === '''Mortality rate''' === | ||
* Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant astrocytoma. | * Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant astrocytoma.<ref name="pmid22241797">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yabroff KR, Harlan L, Zeruto C, Abrams J, Mann B |title=Patterns of care and survival for patients with glioblastoma multiforme diagnosed during 2006 |journal=Neuro-oncology |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=351–9 |date=March 2012 |pmid=22241797 |pmc=3280803 |doi=10.1093/neuonc/nor218 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* The median overall survival (OS) is approximately 12 months and a 5‐year OS of 4.8%‐5.4%. | * The median overall survival (OS) is approximately 12 months and a 5‐year OS of 4.8%‐5.4%. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marjan Khan M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Glioblastoma multiforme is the the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm worldwide. The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme is estimated to be 3.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide. Glioblastoma multiforme is a common disease that tends to affect older adults and the elderly population. The median age at diagnosis is 64 years. Males are more commonly affected with glioblastoma multiforme than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.5 to 1. Glioblastoma multiforme usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Glioblastoma multiforme is the the most common adult primary intracranial neoplasm worldwide.[1]
- The incidence of glioblastoma multiforme is estimated to be 3.2 cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.[2]
- This is highest IR among brain and CNS tumors with malignant behavior. [3]
- Incidence is highest in the northeast and lowest in the south-central region of US.[4]
Mortality rate
- Glioblastoma multiforme is the most malignant astrocytoma.[5]
- The median overall survival (OS) is approximately 12 months and a 5‐year OS of 4.8%‐5.4%.
Age
- Glioblastoma multiforme is a common disease that tends to affect older adults and the elderly population.
- The median age at diagnosis is 64 years.[2]
- The incidence increases with age peaking at 75–84 years and drops after 85 years.[4]
- Glioblastoma multiforme is uncommon in children.
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected with glioblastoma multiforme than females.
- The male to female ratio is approximately 1.6 to 1.[1]
- Marital status is an independent prognostic factor for GBM.[6]
- One observational study shows protective effect of marriage on GBM survival especially in male older than 60 years of age.[6]
Race
- Incidence of GBM is 2.0 times higher in Caucasians compared to Africans and Afro-Americans. [7]
- There is lower incidence in Asians and American Indians.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Epidemiology of glioblastoma multiforme. Dr Dylan Kurda and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/glioblastoma
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Thakkar JP, Dolecek TA, Horbinski C, Ostrom QT, Lightner DD, Barnholtz-Sloan JS; et al. (2014). "Epidemiologic and molecular prognostic review of glioblastoma". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 23 (10): 1985–96. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-14-0275. PMC 4185005. PMID 25053711.
- ↑ Louis DN, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P (August 2007). "The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system". Acta Neuropathol. 114 (2): 97–109. doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0243-4. PMC 1929165. PMID 17618441.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Farah P, Ondracek A, Chen Y, Wolinsky Y, Stroup NE, Kruchko C, Barnholtz-Sloan JS (November 2013). "CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2006-2010". Neuro-oncology. 15 Suppl 2: ii1–56. doi:10.1093/neuonc/not151. PMC 3798196. PMID 24137015.
- ↑ Yabroff KR, Harlan L, Zeruto C, Abrams J, Mann B (March 2012). "Patterns of care and survival for patients with glioblastoma multiforme diagnosed during 2006". Neuro-oncology. 14 (3): 351–9. doi:10.1093/neuonc/nor218. PMC 3280803. PMID 22241797.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Xie JC, Yang S, Liu XY, Zhao YX (August 2018). "Effect of marital status on survival in glioblastoma multiforme by demographics, education, economic factors, and insurance status". Cancer Med. 7 (8): 3722–3742. doi:10.1002/cam4.1688. PMC 6089174. PMID 30009575.
- ↑ Sturm D, Bender S, Jones DT, Lichter P, Grill J, Becher O, Hawkins C, Majewski J, Jones C, Costello JF, Iavarone A, Aldape K, Brennan CW, Jabado N, Pfister SM (February 2014). "Paediatric and adult glioblastoma: multiform (epi)genomic culprits emerge". Nat. Rev. Cancer. 14 (2): 92–107. doi:10.1038/nrc3655. PMC 4003223. PMID 24457416.
- ↑ Jiang L, Fang X, Bao Y, Zhou JY, Shen XY, Ding MH, Chen Y, Hu GH, Lu YC (2013). "Association between the XRCC1 polymorphisms and glioma risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies". PLoS ONE. 8 (1): e55597. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055597. PMC 3559473. PMID 23383237.