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==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia overview|Overview]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia overview|Overview]]==
'''B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia''' is a form of [[leukemia]] or [[hematological malignancy|cancer of the white blood cells]]
'''B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia''' is a form of [[leukemia]] or [[hematological malignancy|cancer of the white blood cells]]. [[Prolymphocytic leukemia]] is classified in [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] and [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] is part of a subclassification of [[Leukemias|prolymphocytic leukemias]]. Arises from mature [[B cell|B-cells]], which are [[hematologic]] [[White blood cells|white cells]] that are normally involved in the in the [[humoral immunity]] component of the [[adaptive immune system]] by secreting [[antibodies]]. [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] must be differentiated from other diseases such as [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] and [[hairy cell leukemia]]. The incidence of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] is 1% of [[Leukemias|lymphocytic leukemias]]. [[B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] affects men and women equally. The [[prognosis]] is generally poor. [[Symptom|Symptoms]] of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] include generalised [[Muscle weakness|weakness]] and, [[anemia]],massive [[splenomegaly]], [[weight loss]], [[loss of appetite]], [[thrombocytopenia]] and [[Lymphadenopathy|peripheral lymphadenopathy]]. Common physical examination findings include [[tachycardia]], [[pallor]], [[splenomegaly]] and [[lymphadenopathy]]. [[Laboratory findings template|Laboratory finding]]<nowiki/>s consistent with the diagnosis of [[B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] include [[anemia]], [[lymphocytosis]], abnormal [[Blood chemistry tests|blood chemistry studies]] and abnormal [[blood]] [[peripheral smear]]. [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] [[bone marrow biopsy]] is considered a definitive diagnosis. Other diagnostic studies include [[immunophenotyping]].


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
[[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] was first described in 1974 by Galton et al.


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia classification|Classification]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia classification|Classification]]==
[[Prolymphocytic leukemia]] is classified in [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] and [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]]. [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] is part of a subclassification of [[Leukemias|prolymphocytic leukemias]].


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
[[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] arises from mature [[B cell|B-cells]], which are [[Hematology|hematologic]] [[White blood cells|white cells]] that are normally involved in the in the [[humoral immunity]] component of the [[adaptive immune system]] by secreting [[antibodies]].


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia from other Diseases]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia from other Diseases]]==
[[B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] must be differentiated from other [[Disease|diseases]] such as [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] and [[hairy cell leukemia]].


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
The [[incidence]] of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] is 1% of [[Leukemias|lymphocytic leukemias]]. [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] affects men and women equally.


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
Common [[Risk factor|risk factors]] in the development of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] are [[age]], gender, [[race]] and [[Ethnicity and health|ethnicity]].


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia screening|Screening]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia screening|Screening]]==
Screening for [[B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] is not recommended.


==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
The [[prognosis]] for [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] is generally poor.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===History and Symptoms===
[[Symptom|Symptoms]] of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] include [[Muscle weakness|generalised weakness]], [[anemia]], [[Splenomegaly|massive splenomegaly]], [[weight loss]], [[loss of appetite]], [[thrombocytopenia]] and [[Lymphadenopathy|peripheral lymphadenopathy]].


[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia history and symptoms|History and Symptoms ]] | [[ B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia CT|CT ]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia MRI|MRI]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
===Physical Examination===
Common [[Physical examination|physical examination findings]] of [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] include [[tachycardia]], [[pallor]], [[splenomegaly]] and [[lymphadenopathy]].
 
===Laboratory Findings===
[[Laboratory findings template|Laboratory findings]] consistent with the diagnosis of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] include [[anemia]], [[lymphocytosis]], abnormal [[Blood chemistry tests|blood chemistry studies]] and abnormal [[Peripheral smear|blood peripheral smear]].
 
==Biopsy==
[[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] [[bone marrow biopsy]] is considered a definitive diagnosis.
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
Other [[Diagnostic study of choice|diagnostic studies]] for [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]] include [[immunophenotyping]].
 
==Medical Therapy==
[[Chemotherapy]], [[biological therapy]], and [[splenectomy]] or [[radiation therapy]] to the [[spleen]] are indicated in the treatment of [[B cell|B-cell]] [[prolymphocytic leukemia]].


==Treatment==
[[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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{{Hematological malignancy histology}}
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[[Category:Immunology]]

Latest revision as of 19:19, 8 April 2019

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: B-PLL, Prolymphocytic leukemia, B-cell type

Overview

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is a form of leukemia or cancer of the white blood cells. Prolymphocytic leukemia is classified in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is part of a subclassification of prolymphocytic leukemias. Arises from mature B-cells, which are hematologic white cells that are normally involved in the in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia must be differentiated from other diseases such as T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia. The incidence of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is 1% of lymphocytic leukemias. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia affects men and women equally. The prognosis is generally poor. Symptoms of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia include generalised weakness and, anemia,massive splenomegaly, weight loss, loss of appetite, thrombocytopenia and peripheral lymphadenopathy. Common physical examination findings include tachycardia, pallor, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia include anemia, lymphocytosis, abnormal blood chemistry studies and abnormal blood peripheral smear. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia bone marrow biopsy is considered a definitive diagnosis. Other diagnostic studies include immunophenotyping.

Historical Perspective

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia was first described in 1974 by Galton et al.

Classification

Prolymphocytic leukemia is classified in B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is part of a subclassification of prolymphocytic leukemias.

Pathophysiology

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia arises from mature B-cells, which are hematologic white cells that are normally involved in the in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies.

Differentiating B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia from other Diseases

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia must be differentiated from other diseases such as T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia.

Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is 1% of lymphocytic leukemias. B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia affects men and women equally.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia are age, gender, race and ethnicity.

Screening

Screening for B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is not recommended.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

The prognosis for B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is generally poor.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Symptoms of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia include generalised weakness, anemia, massive splenomegaly, weight loss, loss of appetite, thrombocytopenia and peripheral lymphadenopathy.

Physical Examination

Common physical examination findings of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia include tachycardia, pallor, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy.

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia include anemia, lymphocytosis, abnormal blood chemistry studies and abnormal blood peripheral smear.

Biopsy

B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia bone marrow biopsy is considered a definitive diagnosis.

Other Diagnostic Studies

Other diagnostic studies for B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia include immunophenotyping.

Medical Therapy

Chemotherapy, biological therapy, and splenectomy or radiation therapy to the spleen are indicated in the treatment of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia.

References

Template:Hematology


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