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==Overview==
==Overview==
''Mental disorder''' or '''mental illness''' are terms used to refer to a psychological or physiological pattern that occurs in an individual and is usually associated with distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture.  The recognition and understanding of mental disorders has changed over time. Definitions, assessments, and classifications of mental disorders can vary, but guideline criterion listed in the [[ICD]], [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]] and other manuals are widely accepted by [[mental health professional]]s. Categories of diagnoses in these schemes may include [[mood disorders]], [[anxiety disorder]]s, [[Psychosis|psychotic]] disorders, [[eating disorder]]s, [[developmental disorders]], [[personality disorder]]s, and many other categories. In many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause of mental disorders, although they are widely understood in terms of a [[diathesis-stress model]] and [[biopsychosocial]] model. Mental disorders have been found to be common, with over a third of people in most countries reporting sufficient criteria at some point in their life. Mental health services may be based in hospitals or in the community. [[Mental health professionals]] diagnose individuals using different methodologies, often relying on case history and interview. [[Psychotherapy]] and [[psychiatric medication]] are two major treatment options, as well as supportive interventions. Treatment may be involuntary where legislation allows. Several movements campaign for changes to mental health services and attitudes, including the [[Consumer/Survivor Movement]]. There are widespread problems with [[social stigma|stigma]] and [[discrimination]].
==References==
==References==
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Revision as of 13:27, 23 August 2012

Mental disorder Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Mental disorder' or mental illness are terms used to refer to a psychological or physiological pattern that occurs in an individual and is usually associated with distress or disability that is not expected as part of normal development or culture. The recognition and understanding of mental disorders has changed over time. Definitions, assessments, and classifications of mental disorders can vary, but guideline criterion listed in the ICD, DSM and other manuals are widely accepted by mental health professionals. Categories of diagnoses in these schemes may include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, eating disorders, developmental disorders, personality disorders, and many other categories. In many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause of mental disorders, although they are widely understood in terms of a diathesis-stress model and biopsychosocial model. Mental disorders have been found to be common, with over a third of people in most countries reporting sufficient criteria at some point in their life. Mental health services may be based in hospitals or in the community. Mental health professionals diagnose individuals using different methodologies, often relying on case history and interview. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options, as well as supportive interventions. Treatment may be involuntary where legislation allows. Several movements campaign for changes to mental health services and attitudes, including the Consumer/Survivor Movement. There are widespread problems with stigma and discrimination.

References

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