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{{Eczema}}
{{Eczema}}
{{CMG}}, {{AE}} [[User:Edzelco|Edzel Lorraine Co, D.M.D., M.D.]]
{{CMG}}, {{AE}} {{EdzelCo}}
 
__NOTOC__
==Overview==
==Overview==
Over the years, [[dermatological conditions]] have become manifested in individuals. It was in the earlier part of the 20th century when the term [[atopic dermatitis]] was coined. The evolution of concepts from the standpoint of historical perspectives was observed, wherein significant insights as to the nature of the [[disease]] were derived. <ref name="pmid27086570">{{cite journal| author=Bhattacharya T, Strom MA, Lio PA| title=Historical Perspectives on Atopic Dermatitis: Eczema Through the Ages. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 375-9 | pmid=27086570 | doi=10.1111/pde.12853 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27086570  }} </ref>
It was in the 20th century when [[eczema]] came into existence, and later on, concepts on this had evolved including major insights on the nature of the [[disease]].<ref name="pmid27086570">{{cite journal| author=Bhattacharya T, Strom MA, Lio PA| title=Historical Perspectives on Atopic Dermatitis: Eczema Through the Ages. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 375-9 | pmid=27086570 | doi=10.1111/pde.12853 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27086570  }} </ref>
 
==Historical Perspective==


*Over the years, [[dermatological conditions]] have become manifested in individuals.
==Historical Perspectives==
*It was in the earlier part of the 20th century when the term [[atopic dermatitis]], also known as [[eczema]] was coined.
*The evolution of concepts from the standpoint of historical perspectives was observed, wherein significant insights as to the nature of the [[disease]] were derived. <ref name="pmid27086570">{{cite journal| author=Bhattacharya T, Strom MA, Lio PA| title=Historical Perspectives on Atopic Dermatitis: Eczema Through the Ages. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 375-9 | pmid=27086570 | doi=10.1111/pde.12853 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27086570  }} </ref>


*Listed below is a summary of the evolution of [[eczema]] through the ages.
*It was in the 20th century when [[eczema]] came into existence, and later on, concepts on this had evolved including major insights on the nature of the [[disease]].<ref name="pmid27086570">{{cite journal| author=Bhattacharya T, Strom MA, Lio PA| title=Historical Perspectives on Atopic Dermatitis: Eczema Through the Ages. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 375-9 | pmid=27086570 | doi=10.1111/pde.12853 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27086570  }} </ref>
*Listed below is a summary of the history of [[eczema]].




{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 1px; width: " align="center" 800px;"
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|+<big>''' Table 1. History of [[Eczema]] Through the Ages.'''</big>
|+<big>''' Table 1. History of [[Eczema]] Through the Ages.'''</big><ref name="pmid27086570">{{cite journal| author=Bhattacharya T, Strom MA, Lio PA| title=Historical Perspectives on Atopic Dermatitis: Eczema Through the Ages. | journal=Pediatr Dermatol | year= 2016 | volume= 33 | issue= 4 | pages= 375-9 | pmid=27086570 | doi=10.1111/pde.12853 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27086570  }} </ref>
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 300px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Period}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 300px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Period}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 400px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Highlights}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 400px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Highlights}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Treatment}}
! align="center" style="background: #00CED1; width: 500px;" |{{fontcolor|#FFF|Treatment}}
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| rowspan="3" align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |Ancient History
| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |Ancient History
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'''Ebers Papyrus (1500 BCE)'''  
'''Ebers Papyrus (1500 BCE)'''  
*This is the earliest [[medical]] document about [[dermatology]] that was compiled in Egypt. <ref name="pmid24026454">{{cite journal| author=Ali FR, Finlayson AE| title=Pharaonic trichology: the Ebers Papyrus. | journal=JAMA Dermatol | year= 2013 | volume= 149 | issue= 8 | pages= 920 | pmid=24026454 | doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4240 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24026454  }} </ref>
*This is the earliest [[medical]] document about [[dermatology]] that was compiled in Egypt. <ref name="pmid24026454">{{cite journal| author=Ali FR, Finlayson AE| title=Pharaonic trichology: the Ebers Papyrus. | journal=JAMA Dermatol | year= 2013 | volume= 149 | issue= 8 | pages= 920 | pmid=24026454 | doi=10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4240 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24026454  }} </ref>
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*''Nai hsien'', ''tai lien chung'', and ''Hsin-san-miao-san'' are [[herbal remedies]] for [[infantile eczema]] that was known to have [[anti-inflammatory]] and [[moisturizing]] effects. <ref name="pmid19538380">{{cite journal| author=Tan EK, Millington GW, Levell NJ| title=Acupuncture in dermatology: an historical perspective. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2009 | volume= 48 | issue= 6 | pages= 648-52 | pmid=19538380 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03899.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19538380  }} </ref>
*''Nai hsien'', ''tai lien chung'', and ''Hsin-san-miao-san'' are [[herbal remedies]] for [[infantile eczema]] that was known to have [[anti-inflammatory]] and [[moisturizing]] effects. <ref name="pmid19538380">{{cite journal| author=Tan EK, Millington GW, Levell NJ| title=Acupuncture in dermatology: an historical perspective. | journal=Int J Dermatol | year= 2009 | volume= 48 | issue= 6 | pages= 648-52 | pmid=19538380 | doi=10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03899.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19538380  }} </ref>
|-
|-
|align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
'''Hippocrates (400 BCE)'''  
'''Hippocrates (400 BCE)'''  
*He explained the importance of [[skin manifestations]] in the identification of [[internal humoral medical conditions]].
 
|
*He explained the importance of [[skin manifestations]] in the identification of [[internal humoral medical conditions]]. <ref name="pmid10671984">{{cite journal| author=Liddell K| title=Choosing a dermatological hero for the millennium. Hippocrates of Cos (460-377 BC). | journal=Clin Exp Dermatol | year= 2000 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 86-8 | pmid=10671984 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.0580d.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10671984  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
'''Celsus (AD)'''
 
*He is a Roman [[physician]] who described the existence of a [[dermatological]] condition as a:
 
  " ''certain degree of hardness of the skin with pustules, some humid and some dry '' "
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
'''Suetonius (AD)'''
 
*The [[atopic syndrome]] found in Emperor Augustus was described in ''The Twelve Caesars''
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
'''Avicenna (980-1037 CE)'''
 
*He described the association of [[skin dryness]] and bathing <ref name="pmid24696763">{{cite journal| author=Hajar R| title=The air of history (part v) ibn sina (avicenna): the great physician and philosopher. | journal=Heart Views | year= 2013 | volume= 14 | issue= 4 | pages= 196-201 | pmid=24696763 | doi=10.4103/1995-705X.126893 | pmc=3970379 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24696763  }} </ref>
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
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| rowspan="8" align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |Premodern Era
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
'''Girolamo Mercurialis (1572)'''
 
*He is an Italian [[physician]] who wrote the very first [[dermatological]] text ''De morbis cutaneis'' which pertained to an [[oozing]] and [[pruritic]] condition on [[infant]]'s [[head]].<ref name="pmid30311153">{{cite journal| author=Khalili M, Wong RJ| title=Underserved Does Not Mean Undeserved: Unfurling the HCV Care in the Safety Net. | journal=Dig Dis Sci | year= 2018 | volume= 63 | issue= 12 | pages= 3250-3252 | pmid=30311153 | doi=10.1007/s10620-018-5316-9 | pmc=6436636 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30311153  }} </ref>
 
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Daniel Turner'''
*[[Pustular lesions]] or [[scabs]] on [[forehead]], [[brows]], and [[face]] were accounted by him.
*In one of his writings, he described how [[physicians]] were reluctant to provide [[medications]] for [[itching]] or [[eczema]] as they believed that this would make the condition worse.
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
 
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Jean-Louis Alibert (1806)'''
*He is a French [[dermatologist]] who had noted the occurrence of an [[oozing]], [[pruritic]] [[skin lesion]] in [[infants]] which he called "''teigne muqueuse''", or also translates to "[[mucosal]] [[ringworm]]".
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
 
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Willan and Bateman (early 19th century)'''
*They are English [[physicians]] who devised a [[dermatological]] classification according to the type of [[primary lesion]].
*They coined the name "''[[eczema]]''" derived from the Greek word 'ekzein'' which means to erupt or to boil over.
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*Restoration of equilibrium.
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Pierre Rayer (1835)'''
*He introduced the concept of [[chronicity]] of [[eczema]].
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Ferdinand von Hebra (1860)'''
*He is a Viennese [[dermatologist]] who came up with a novel [[disorder]] which was known as "Hebra's prurigo".
*This was described as itchy [[papules]] found on the [[limbs]] and [[trunk]].
*Characteristics include [[symmetric]] [[lymphadenopathy]], [[excoriations]], and thickened, darkened and roughened [[skin]].
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*He used [[topical]] [[remedies]] which include soap, lotions, oils, tars, and [[ointments]].
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Erasmus Wilson'''
*He was credited with the discovery of [[infantile eczema]], which was similar to the concept by Wilan and Bateman.
*The lesion was said to be [[pruritic]] at night time.
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*He introduced the [[systemic management]] via use of [[arsenic]] and more focus on [[diet]].
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Ernest Besnier (1892)'''
*He was a French [[physician]] and [[medical director]] of Hospital Saint Louis.
*He introduced the current perception on [[atopic dermatitis]].
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| rowspan="5" align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |Twentieth Century and Beyond
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Von Pirquet (1906)'''
*He described the concept of [[allergy]], which meant an abnormal reaction of the body to any substance.
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Coca and Cooke (1923)'''
*They proposed the concept of [[atopy]].
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
|
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Wise and Sulzberger (1933)'''
|
*They used the concept by Coca and Cooke,and was able to conceptualize the [[atopic dermatitis]].
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*They reported the effectiveness of [[hydrocortisone]] for [[management]] of [[erythema]], [[pruritus]] and [[scaling]].
|-
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |Premodern Era
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Blackfan and Talbot (1916)'''
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*They discovered the importance of testing for presence of [[food]] [[proteins]], and restrict them, if possible, to prevent [[hypersensitivity reactions]].
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #E6E6FA; font-weight: bold" |Twentieth Century and Beyond
| align="left" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |'''Hanifin and Rajka (1980)'''
| align="center" style="padding: 2px 2px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
*They were known for making the widely used [[diagnostic criteria]] for [[atopic dermatitis]].
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{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 07:42, 13 November 2023

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Edzel Lorraine Co, DMD, MD[2]

Overview

It was in the 20th century when eczema came into existence, and later on, concepts on this had evolved including major insights on the nature of the disease.[1]

Historical Perspectives

  • It was in the 20th century when eczema came into existence, and later on, concepts on this had evolved including major insights on the nature of the disease.[1]
  • Listed below is a summary of the history of eczema.


Table 1. History of Eczema Through the Ages.[1]
Period Highlights Treatment
Ancient History

Ebers Papyrus (1500 BCE)

Hippocrates (400 BCE)

Celsus (AD)

 " certain degree of hardness of the skin with pustules, some humid and some dry  "

Suetonius (AD)

  • The atopic syndrome found in Emperor Augustus was described in The Twelve Caesars

Avicenna (980-1037 CE)

Premodern Era

Girolamo Mercurialis (1572)

Daniel Turner
Jean-Louis Alibert (1806)
Willan and Bateman (early 19th century)
  • Restoration of equilibrium.
Pierre Rayer (1835)
Ferdinand von Hebra (1860)
Erasmus Wilson
  • He was credited with the discovery of infantile eczema, which was similar to the concept by Wilan and Bateman.
  • The lesion was said to be pruritic at night time.
Ernest Besnier (1892)
Twentieth Century and Beyond Von Pirquet (1906)
  • He described the concept of allergy, which meant an abnormal reaction of the body to any substance.
Coca and Cooke (1923)
  • They proposed the concept of atopy.
Wise and Sulzberger (1933)
  • They used the concept by Coca and Cooke,and was able to conceptualize the atopic dermatitis.
Blackfan and Talbot (1916)
Hanifin and Rajka (1980)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bhattacharya T, Strom MA, Lio PA (2016). "Historical Perspectives on Atopic Dermatitis: Eczema Through the Ages". Pediatr Dermatol. 33 (4): 375–9. doi:10.1111/pde.12853. PMID 27086570.
  2. Ali FR, Finlayson AE (2013). "Pharaonic trichology: the Ebers Papyrus". JAMA Dermatol. 149 (8): 920. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4240. PMID 24026454.
  3. Tan EK, Millington GW, Levell NJ (2009). "Acupuncture in dermatology: an historical perspective". Int J Dermatol. 48 (6): 648–52. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.03899.x. PMID 19538380.
  4. Liddell K (2000). "Choosing a dermatological hero for the millennium. Hippocrates of Cos (460-377 BC)". Clin Exp Dermatol. 25 (1): 86–8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.0580d.x. PMID 10671984.
  5. Hajar R (2013). "The air of history (part v) ibn sina (avicenna): the great physician and philosopher". Heart Views. 14 (4): 196–201. doi:10.4103/1995-705X.126893. PMC 3970379. PMID 24696763.
  6. Khalili M, Wong RJ (2018). "Underserved Does Not Mean Undeserved: Unfurling the HCV Care in the Safety Net". Dig Dis Sci. 63 (12): 3250–3252. doi:10.1007/s10620-018-5316-9. PMC 6436636. PMID 30311153.