HIV associated nephropathy laboratory findings: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}{{APM}};{{AE}}{{KW}} {{SHA}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include: proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, decreased GFR, dyslipidemia, and CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> .
Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include: [[proteinuria]], elevated serum [[creatinine]] levels, decreased [[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]], dyslipidemia, and [[CD4]] counts below 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup> .


==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==
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===<s>Other Laboratory Findings</s>===
===<s>Other Laboratory Findings</s>===
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can not be diagnosed clinically or with noninvasive measures such as laboratory findings or ultrasound.<ref name="pmid18588500">{{cite journal| author=Atta MG, Lucas GM, Fine DM| title=HIV-associated nephropathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2008 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 365-71 | pmid=18588500 | doi=10.1586/14787210.6.3.365 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18588500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16271919">{{cite journal| author=Atta MG, Choi MJ, Longenecker JC, Haymart M, Wu J, Nagajothi N | display-authors=etal| title=Nephrotic range proteinuria and CD4 count as noninvasive indicators of HIV-associated nephropathy. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 118 | issue= 11 | pages= 1288 | pmid=16271919 | doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16271919  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15154526">{{cite journal| author=Atta MG, Longenecker JC, Fine DM, Nagajothi N, Grover DS, Wu J | display-authors=etal| title=Sonography as a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. | journal=J Ultrasound Med | year= 2004 | volume= 23 | issue= 5 | pages= 603-10; quiz 612-3 | pmid=15154526 | doi=10.7863/jum.2004.23.5.603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15154526  }} </ref>
HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can not be diagnosed clinically or with [[Non-invasive (medical)|noninvasive]] measures such as laboratory findings or ultrasound.<ref name="pmid18588500">{{cite journal| author=Atta MG, Lucas GM, Fine DM| title=HIV-associated nephropathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. | journal=Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther | year= 2008 | volume= 6 | issue= 3 | pages= 365-71 | pmid=18588500 | doi=10.1586/14787210.6.3.365 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18588500  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16271919">{{cite journal| author=Atta MG, Choi MJ, Longenecker JC, Haymart M, Wu J, Nagajothi N | display-authors=etal| title=Nephrotic range proteinuria and CD4 count as noninvasive indicators of HIV-associated nephropathy. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2005 | volume= 118 | issue= 11 | pages= 1288 | pmid=16271919 | doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.027 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16271919  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15154526">{{cite journal| author=Atta MG, Longenecker JC, Fine DM, Nagajothi N, Grover DS, Wu J | display-authors=etal| title=Sonography as a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy. | journal=J Ultrasound Med | year= 2004 | volume= 23 | issue= 5 | pages= 603-10; quiz 612-3 | pmid=15154526 | doi=10.7863/jum.2004.23.5.603 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15154526  }} </ref>


Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include:<ref name="pmid22248510">{{cite journal| author=Lescure FX, Flateau C, Pacanowski J, Brocheriou I, Rondeau E, Girard PM | display-authors=etal| title=HIV-associated kidney glomerular diseases: changes with time and HAART. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2012 | volume= 27 | issue= 6 | pages= 2349-55 | pmid=22248510 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gfr676 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22248510  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21745806">{{cite journal| author=Bigé N, Lanternier F, Viard JP, Kamgang P, Daugas E, Elie C | display-authors=etal| title=Presentation of HIV-associated nephropathy and outcome in HAART-treated patients. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2012 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 | pages= 1114-21 | pmid=21745806 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gfr376 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21745806  }} </ref>
[[Laboratory]] findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include:<ref name="pmid22248510">{{cite journal| author=Lescure FX, Flateau C, Pacanowski J, Brocheriou I, Rondeau E, Girard PM | display-authors=etal| title=HIV-associated kidney glomerular diseases: changes with time and HAART. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2012 | volume= 27 | issue= 6 | pages= 2349-55 | pmid=22248510 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gfr676 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22248510  }} </ref><ref name="pmid21745806">{{cite journal| author=Bigé N, Lanternier F, Viard JP, Kamgang P, Daugas E, Elie C | display-authors=etal| title=Presentation of HIV-associated nephropathy and outcome in HAART-treated patients. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2012 | volume= 27 | issue= 3 | pages= 1114-21 | pmid=21745806 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gfr376 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21745806  }} </ref>


* Proteinuria
* Proteinuria
* Elevated serum creatinine levels
* Elevated serum [[creatinine]] levels
*Decreased GFR
*Decreased [[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]]
* Dyslipidemia
* Dyslipidemia
* CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>
*[[CD4]] counts below 200 cells/mm<sup>3</sup>


Routine laboratory tests that may be ordered to help in identify HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) may include:
Routine [[laboratory]] tests that may be ordered to help in identify HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) may include:


'''Blood Work-up'''
'''Blood Work-up'''
* Complete blood count (CBC)
* Complete blood count (CBC)
* Serum creatinine
* Serum [[creatinine]]
* Lipid profile
*[[Lipid]] profile
* Albumin  
*[[Albumin]]
* ELISA
*[[Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)|ELISA]]
* Dot blot
*[[Dot blot]]
* Latex agglutination test
*[[Latex fixation test|Latex agglutination test]]
*Hepatitis B
*[[Hepatitis B]]
*Hepatitis C
*[[Hepatitis C]]


'''Supplemental Test'''
'''Supplemental Test'''
* Western blot
*[[Western blot]]
* Immunofluorescence
*[[Immunofluorescence]]
 
'''Urinalysis'''
'''Urinalysis'''
* Proteinuria
*[[Proteinuria]]
* Microhematuria
* Microhematuria
* Leukocytes
*[[White blood cells|Leukocytes]]
* Oval fat bodies
* Oval fat bodies
* Hyaline casts
*[[Hyaline]] casts


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Revision as of 11:46, 30 June 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Krzysztof Wierzbicki M.D. [3] Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[4]

Overview

Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include: proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine levels, decreased GFR, dyslipidemia, and CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3 .

Laboratory Findings

Renal Biopsy

  • Renal biopsy is the standard in establishing a diagnosis of HIV-associated nephropathy.
  • Renal biopsy reveals focal segmental glomerulonephritis, significant tubulointerstitial injury and microcystic tubular dilation are characteristically seen. [1]
  • Renal biopsy is an essential tool for evaluation and identification of HIV-associated and other kidney diseases in HIV-positive patients, which is important in the management and treatment of the patients.[2]

Other Laboratory Findings

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can not be diagnosed clinically or with noninvasive measures such as laboratory findings or ultrasound.[3][4][5]

Laboratory findings in HIV-associated nephropathy include:[6][7]

  • Proteinuria
  • Elevated serum creatinine levels
  • Decreased GFR
  • Dyslipidemia
  • CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3

Routine laboratory tests that may be ordered to help in identify HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) may include:

Blood Work-up

Supplemental Test

Urinalysis


References

  1. ↑ D'Agati V, Suh JI, Carbone L, Cheng JT, Appel G (1989). "Pathology of HIV-associated nephropathy: a detailed morphologic and comparative study". Kidney Int. 35 (6): 1358–70. PMID 2770114.
  2. ↑ Fine DM, Perazella MA, Lucas GM, Atta MG (2008). "Kidney biopsy in HIV: beyond HIV-associated nephropathy". Am J Kidney Dis. 51 (3): 504–14. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.12.005. PMID 18295067.
  3. ↑ Atta MG, Lucas GM, Fine DM (2008). "HIV-associated nephropathy: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management". Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 6 (3): 365–71. doi:10.1586/14787210.6.3.365. PMID 18588500.
  4. ↑ Atta MG, Choi MJ, Longenecker JC, Haymart M, Wu J, Nagajothi N; et al. (2005). "Nephrotic range proteinuria and CD4 count as noninvasive indicators of HIV-associated nephropathy". Am J Med. 118 (11): 1288. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.05.027. PMID 16271919.
  5. ↑ Atta MG, Longenecker JC, Fine DM, Nagajothi N, Grover DS, Wu J; et al. (2004). "Sonography as a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy". J Ultrasound Med. 23 (5): 603–10, quiz 612-3. doi:10.7863/jum.2004.23.5.603. PMID 15154526.
  6. ↑ Lescure FX, Flateau C, Pacanowski J, Brocheriou I, Rondeau E, Girard PM; et al. (2012). "HIV-associated kidney glomerular diseases: changes with time and HAART". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 27 (6): 2349–55. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfr676. PMID 22248510.
  7. ↑ Bigé N, Lanternier F, Viard JP, Kamgang P, Daugas E, Elie C; et al. (2012). "Presentation of HIV-associated nephropathy and outcome in HAART-treated patients". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 27 (3): 1114–21. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfr376. PMID 21745806.

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