Lobular carcinoma in situ: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
#REDIRECT [[Breast cancer]]
{{SI}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
 
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Faizan}}; {{Ammu}}
 
{{SK}} Lobular Carcinoma (in situ); LCIS
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
*Lobular carcinoma in situ was first discovered by F W Foote and F W Stewart, in 1941.
 
==Pathophysiology==
* Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is a condition in which there is presence of unusual cells in the [[lobule]]s of the [[breast]].<ref name="urlLobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS) - Breast Cancer - Stanford Cancer Center">{{cite web |url=http://cancer.stanford.edu/breastcancer/lcis.html |title=Lobular Carcinoma in situ (LCIS) - Breast Cancer - Stanford Cancer Center |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
*The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
*The loss of expression of [[e-cadherin]], the [[transmembrane]] [[protein]] mediating [[epithelial]] [[cell adhesion]] has been associated with the development of lobular carcinoma in situ.
*The loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 16q has been associated with the development of lobular carcinoma in situ..
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, small cells with oval or round nuclei and small nucleoli detached from each other are [[mucin]]-containing signet-ring cells are characteristic findings of lobular carcinoma in situ
 
==Causes==
* Lobular carcinoma in situ is caused by a mutation in the [[e-cadherin]] gene.
==Differentiating Lobular carcinoma in situ from other Diseases==
*Lobular carcinoma in situ must be differentiated from other diseases that cause breast lesions, such as:
:*Ductal carcinoma insitu
:*Atypical lobular hyperplasia
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
* The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
* In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
===Age===
*Lobular carcinoma in situ is more commonly observed among patients aged premenopausal women with a mean age of 45 years old
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
*[Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
 
==Risk Factors==
*Common risk factors in the development of lobular carcinoma in situ are family history of breast cancer, hormone replacement therapy for menopause, women in early 40’s.
 
== Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
*Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
*Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
*Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
== Diagnosis ==
===Diagnostic Criteria===
*The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
:*[criterion 1]
:*[criterion 2]
:*[criterion 3]
:*[criterion 4]
=== Symptoms ===
*[Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
*Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
:*[symptom 1]
:*[symptom 2]
:*[symptom 3]
:*[symptom 4]
:*[symptom 5]
:*[symptom 6]
=== Physical Examination ===
*Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
*Physical examination may be remarkable for:
:*[finding 1]
:*[finding 2]
:*[finding 3]
:*[finding 4]
:*[finding 5]
:*[finding 6]
=== Laboratory Findings ===
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
*A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
*An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
*Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
===Imaging Findings===
*There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
*[Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
*On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
*[Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
=== Other Diagnostic Studies ===
*[Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
*Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
== Treatment ==
=== Medical Therapy ===
*There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
*The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
*[Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action1].
*Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
=== Surgery ===
*Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
*[Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
*[Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
=== Prevention ===
*There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
*Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
*Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followedup every [duration]. Followup testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Oncology]]

Latest revision as of 17:55, 12 March 2019

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