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== Algorithms ==
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 |A01='''Gastroenteritis'''}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | }}
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B03 |B01='''Viral'''|B02='''Bacterial'''|B03='''Parasites'''}}
{{familytree | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{familytree | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | | | | C03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | C04 | | | | | C05 | | C06 |C01=Common|C02=Less Common|C03=Common|C04=Less Common|C05=Helminthic|C06=Protozoal}}
{{familytree | | |!| | | |!| | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | D01 | | D02 | | | | D03 | | | | | | D04 | | | | | | D05 | | | | D06 | | D07 | | D08 |D01= •[[Rotavirus infection|Rotavirus]]<br>•[[Norovirus infection|Norovirus]]<br>•Enteric [[Adenovirus]]<br>•[[Astroviruses]] |D02= •Kobuviruses <br>•[[Enterovirus]] <br>•[[Orthoreovirus]] <br>•Torovirus <br>•[[Coronavirus]] <br>(including SARS) <br>•[[Parvovirus]] |D03=Gram Positive|D04=Gram Negative|D05=Gram Positive|D06=Gram Negative | D07= •[[Trichinella spiralis]]<br>•[[Whipworm infection|Trichuris trichiura]]<br>•[[Strongyloidiasis|Strongyloides stercoralis]]<br>•[[Taenia solium]]<br>•[[Taenia saginata]] <br>•[[Diphyllobothrium|Diphyllobothrium latum]]<br>•[[Schistosomiasis|Schistosoma mansoni]]|D08= •[[Giardiasis|Giardia lamblia]] <br>•[[Amoebiasis|Entamoeba histolytica]]‡<br>•[[Cryptosporidiosis|Cryptosporidium parvum]] <br>•[[Cyclosporiasis|Cyclospora cayetanensis]] }}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | | |}}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | E01 | | | E02 | | | | E03 | | | E04 | | | | E05 | |E01= •[[Clostridium perfringens]]<br>•[[Clostridium difficile infection|Clostridium difficile]] | E02=Dysenteric diarreha | E03= Watery diarrhea |E04=• [[Bacillus cereus]] <br> •[[Listeriosis|Listeria monocytogenes]] | E05= •[[Bacteroides fragilis]] <br>•[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | }}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | F01 | | | | F02 | | F01=•[[Shigellosis|Shigella ''sp.'']], •[[Campylobacter|Campylobacter ''sp.'']]|F02= •[[Escherichia coli enteritis|Escherichia coli]] <br>(ETEC, EPEC, EHEC, EAEC, EIEC)<br>•[[Salmonellosis|Salmonella ''sp.''†]]<br>•[[Yersinia enterocolitica infection|Yersinia enterocolitica]]†<br>•[[Cholera|Vibrio ''sp.'']] }}
{{familytree/end}}
[[image:512px-Jaundice08.jpg|thumb|350px|center| Elderly Male with jaundice from pancreatic cancer, By James Heilman, MD (Own work) [CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons <ref name="urlFile:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons">{{cite web |url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AJaundice08.jpg |title=File:Jaundice08.jpg - Wikimedia Commons |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>]]
__NOTOC__
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SH}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SH}}
==Overview==
The Spleen is the most common affected organ in the abdomen as a consequence of trauma to the abdomen.The trauma can be due to number of reasons such as road traffic accidents,falls and domestic violence.There are a number of non traumatic reasons of splenic rupture due to an underlying pathology.
==Classification==
==Historical Perspective==
==Pathophysiology==
==Causes==
===Common casuses===
The most common Cause of the splenic rupture remains blunt trauma to the abdomen.The other common causes of splenic rupture includes.<ref name="pmid19787754">{{cite journal |vauthors=Renzulli P, Hostettler A, Schoepfer AM, Gloor B, Candinas D |title=Systematic review of atraumatic splenic rupture |journal=Br J Surg |volume=96 |issue=10 |pages=1114–21 |year=2009 |pmid=19787754 |doi=10.1002/bjs.6737 |url=}}</ref>
* Neoplasms
* Infections
* Non Infectious
* Therapy related
* Mechanical Causes 
===Less common causes===
The less common causes of splenic rupture are difficult to diagnose and can be threatening.
Some less common causes of splenic rupture are as follows:
* Autologus stem cell transplantation in AL Amyloidosis patients<ref name="pmid29093392">{{cite journal| author=Sato S, Tamai Y, Okada S, Kannbe E, Takeda K, Tanaka E| title=Atraumatic Splenic Rupture due to Ectopic Extramedullary Hematopoiesis after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with AL Amyloidosis. | journal=Intern Med | year= 2017 | volume=  | issue=  | pages=  | pmid=29093392 | doi=10.2169/internalmedicine.9018-17 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29093392  }} </ref>
*
*
*
==Differentiating Splenic Rupture from Other Diseases==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Risk Factors==
==Screening==
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis==
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnostic Study of Choice==
== History and Symptoms==
==Physical Examination==
== Laboratory Findings==
==Electrocardiogram==
==X-Ray==
==MRI==
==Other Imaging Findings==
==Other Diagnostic Studies==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

Latest revision as of 05:05, 3 January 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]