Smallpox medical therapy: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Line 30: Line 30:
::::::* Topical [[idoxuridine]] should be considered for the treatment of corneal lesions, although its efficacy is unproved for smallpox.
::::::* Topical [[idoxuridine]] should be considered for the treatment of corneal lesions, although its efficacy is unproved for smallpox.
:::::* If the eruption is very dense and widespread.{{Reflist|2}}
:::::* If the eruption is very dense and widespread.{{Reflist|2}}
 
==References==
[[Category:Disease]]
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Smallpox]]
[[Category:Viral diseases]]
[[Category:Poxviruses]]


{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}

Revision as of 18:07, 5 July 2017

Smallpox Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Eradication
Post-Eradication

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Smallpox from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Outbreak Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case Studies

Smallpox medical therapy On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Smallpox medical therapy

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Smallpox medical therapy

CDC on Smallpox medical therapy

Smallpox medical therapy in the news

Blogs on Smallpox medical therapy

Directions to Hospitals Treating Smallpox

Risk calculators and risk factors for Smallpox medical therapy

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

There is no specific antiviral treatment for smallpox. The management is supportive and includes hydration, antipyretics, pain medications, and treatment of superimposed bacterial infections.

Medical Therapy

In case of a suspicious case of smallpox infection, the patient should be treated in a negative-pressure room whenever available. He should also be vaccinated, particularly if still in an early stage of the disease, in an attempt to minimize morbidity and mortality. In the presence of multiple patients with suspected or confirmed disease, a special facility or the whole hospital should be isolated and reserved for treating those patients.[1]

So far none of the available antiviral drugs have been proven effective against the smallpox virus. The investigation for a suitable drug has been impaired by:[2][3]

  • Absence of human disease
  • Difficulty in finding an animal host/model
  • Reserved access to the virus

The main form of treatment is to keep the patient comfortable throughout the disease and prevent concomitant infections. This can be achieved by:[4]

  • Supportive care is the mainstay of therapy.
  • Currently, there are no anti-viral drugs of proven efficacy.
  • Recently, animal studies suggest that cidofovir and its cyclic analogues, given at the time of or immediately after exposure, have promise for the prevention of cowpox, vaccinia, and monkeypox.
  • Patients need adequate hydration and nutrition, because substantial amounts of fluid and protein can be lost by febrile persons with dense, often weeping lesions.
  • 1. Secondary bacterial infection
  • Penicillinase-resistant antimicrobial agents should be used
  • If smallpox lesions are secondarily infected,
  • If bacterial infection endangers the eyes
  • Daily eye rinsing is required in severe cases.
  • Topical idoxuridine should be considered for the treatment of corneal lesions, although its efficacy is unproved for smallpox.
  • If the eruption is very dense and widespread.
  1. Breman, Joel G.; Henderson, D.A. (2002). "Diagnosis and Management of Smallpox". New England Journal of Medicine. 346 (17): 1300–1308. doi:10.1056/NEJMra020025. ISSN 0028-4793.
  2. Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
  3. Smee DF, Sidwell RW (2003). "A review of compounds exhibiting anti-orthopoxvirus activity in animal models". Antiviral Res. 57 (1–2): 41–52. PMID 12615302.
  4. "DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF SMALLPOX".

References

Template:WH Template:WS