Property:AnswerEExp
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Buspirone reduces seizure threshold. It should not be given in convulsion or history of seizure disorder. +
Intellectual disability or general learning disability is a generalized disorder appearing before adulthood, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors. Intellectual disability is also known as mental retardation, although this older term is being used less frequently. Children with intellectual disability may learn to sit up, to crawl, or to walk later than other children, or they may learn to talk later. Both adults and children with intellectual disability may also exhibit some or all of the following characteristics:
*Delays in oral language development
*Deficits in memory skills
*Difficulty learning social rules
*Difficulty with problem solving skills
*Delays in the development of adaptive behaviors such as self-help or self-care skills
*Lack of social inhibitors. +
Chronic functional abdominal pain is the ongoing presence of abdominal pain for which there is no known medical explanation. +
'''Incorrect'''- In minimal diseases (diameter up to 1.0 centimeters), hemithyroidectomy (or unilateral lobectomy) and isthmectomy may be sufficient, but there is some discussion whether this is still preferable over total thyroidectomy for this group of patients. +
Post thyroidectomy every patient receives thyroxine supplement. Obtimal doses of thyroxine is adjusted by regular monitoring of TSH. The patient is suffering from difficulty concentrating, fatigue, frequent bowel movements, heat intolerance, increased appetite, increased sweating, nervousness, restlessness and insomnia, from last 8 months. Which is indicative of excess thyroxine dose. Thyroxine activates osteoclasts, which results in osteoporosis. Vertebral fracture is one of the most common manifestation of osteoporosis. +
Usually a referral is not a right answer in the USMLE. Referrals to an orthopedic surgeon may be indicated if the vertebral fracture causes spinal nerve entrapment . +
The PET scan is indicated to identify metastasis in the body. Osteoporosis is followed up with a bone density scan or DXA. +
Obsessions are thoughts that recur and persist despite efforts to ignore or confront them. The patient frequently performs tasks, or compulsions, to seek relief from obsession-related anxiety. Within and among individuals, the initial obsessions, or intrusive thoughts, vary in their clarity and vividness. A relatively vague obsession could involve a general sense of disarray or tension accompanied by a belief that life cannot proceed as normal while the imbalance remains. They understand that their notions do not correspond with reality; however, they feel that they must act as though their notions are correct. For example, an individual who engages in compulsive hoarding might be inclined to treat inorganic matter as if it had the sentience or rights of living organisms, while accepting that such behavior is irrational on a more intellectual level. It's treatment of choice is a behavioral therapy, called as, Exposure and ritual prevention (also known as "exposure and response prevention") or ERP; this involves gradually learning to tolerate the anxiety associated with not performing the ritual behavior.
Clomipramine is the only FDA approved treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder, besides SSRIs. +
'''Incorrect''' - Thyroglobulin measurements are useful only after several weeks following total thyroidectomy to detect any recurrence and not immediately after the surgery. +
A tumor that extends beyond the lamina propria is a T3 tumor, which translates to a Stage IIA tumor in the absence of lymph node involvement or detectable metastases. +
A chest radiograph is easier to perform, faster and more sensitive for nasogastric tube placement than ultrasound. +
Seizure can cause posterior shoulder dislocation when tetanic contractions of the external shoulder rotators (teres major, subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and pectoralis major) overpower the internal rotators (teres minor and infraspinatus). This causes the head of the humerus to be pulled posteriorly out of the glenoid fossa. +