Property:AnswerCExp
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
W
Although aspirin blocks thromboxane A2 release, clopidogrel does not inhibit GpIIbIIIa binding fibrinogen. C +
Thrombolytics such as alteplase and reteplase break down formed fibrin clots by activating plasminogen into plasmin. +
Hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitic C serologies should be considered in all patients with PAN due to the association between hepatitis and the development of PAN. +
Aldosterone is one of the products of 11β-hydroxylase and would decrease rather than increase with metyrapone therapy. +
As vitamin B6 is required for cysteine synthesis, cysteine levels decrease with vitamin B6 deficiency. +
This is reserved for cases of recurrence. Fidoxomicin has been proven to have a lower recurrence rates than vancomycin. +
This is reserved for severe cases, and also for those who experienced a relapse after a course of metronidazole treatment. The use of vancomycin is limited due its expensive cost, and also the risk of developing vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). +
Multi-infarct dementia, also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer disease (AD) in the elderly (persons over 65 years of age). The term refers to a group of syndromes caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain. Vascular lesions can be the result of diffuse cerebrovascular disease or focal lesions (or a combination of both, which is what is observed in the majority of cases).
Some of the symptoms include: <br>
• Problems with recent memory <br>
• Wandering or getting lost in familiar places <br>
• Walking with rapid, shuffling steps <br>
• Loss of bladder or bowel control <br>
• Emotional lability <br>
• Difficulty following instructions <br>
• Problems handling money <br>
• Lateralizing signs such as hemiparesis, bradykinesia, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar reflexes, ataxia, pseudobulbar palsy, gait and swallowing difficulties may be observed.<br> +
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a chronic type of communicating hydrocephalus whereby the increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) due to accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) becomes stable and the formation of CSF equilibrates with absorption. The ICP gradually falls but still maintains a slightly elevated level and the CSF pressure reaches a high normal level of 150 to 200 mmH2O. Because of this equilibration, patients do not exhibit the classic signs of increased intracranial pressure such as headache, nausea, vomiting, or altered consciousness. It is often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and senility due to its chronic nature and its presenting symptoms. Typical symptoms include:
*Gait disturbance and Ataxia
*Dementia
*Urinary incontinence
This is a reversible cause of dementia. +
''Pseudomonas aeroginosa'' is an aerobic, oxidase-positive, gram-negative rod that produces pyocyanin. +
Helical CT angiography (CTA) provides a rapid evaluation of intracranial and extracranial vessels in acute, subacute, and chronic stroke settings. It is used to determine the presence of vessel occlusions or stenoses. +
Acute hemorrhage is evident as areas of hyperdensity on CT (darker than the surrounding brain parenchyma) and areas of hypointensity on MRI. +
Incorrect
Aspirin comes in the management of the case, but the diagnosis of CAD should be confirmed using stress test +
Incorrect
Coronary bypass is done when the result of the angiogram suggest the need to it. +
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) has a similar presentation to gout but it is caused by the accumulation of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in the connective tissues. Pseudogout usually involves larger joints than gout. The presence of rhombus-shaped crystals which are weakly birefringent on polarized light microscopy is diagnostic for pseudogout. +