Zollinger-Ellison syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Reddy Kothagadi M.B.B.S[2] Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [3]

Overview

The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

Causes

• The cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome has not been identified. However, 25 to 30 percent of gastrinomas, which can cause Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, are caused by multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1).

• Hypergastrinemia (an increased fasting serum gastrin level) is the hallmark of ZES.

• Causes of Hypergastrinemia:

Causes of Hypergastrinemia
Appropriate Hypergastrinemia	Antisecretory therapeutic regimen (PPIs or high-dose histamine H2-receptor antagonist) Atrophic gastritis with or without pernicious anemia Helicobacter pylori pangastritis Vagotomy Renal failure (Chronic)
Inappropriate Hypergastrinemia	Antral-predominant Helicobacter pylori infection ZES (sporadic or associated with MEN-1) Retained-antrum syndrome Gastric outlet obstruction Small-bowel resection
Spurious hypergastrinemia	Inaccurate assay Nonfasting patient