Toxic Adenoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include iodine deficiency, young adult age, head and neck irradiation, family history of thyroid nodules, and female gender.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of toxic adenoma include:
- Iodine deficiency
- Young adult age[1][2][3]
- Head and neck irradiation[4]
- Family history of thyroid nodules[5][1]
- Female gender
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Belfiore A, La Rosa GL, La Porta GA, Giuffrida D, Milazzo G, Lupo L, Regalbuto C, Vigneri R (1992). "Cancer risk in patients with cold thyroid nodules: relevance of iodine intake, sex, age, and multinodularity". Am. J. Med. 93 (4): 363–9. PMID 1415299.
- ↑ MORTENSEN JD, WOOLNER LB, BENNETT WA (1955). "Gross and microscopic findings in clinically normal thyroid glands". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 15 (10): 1270–80. doi:10.1210/jcem-15-10-1270. PMID 13263417.
- ↑ Belfiore A, Giuffrida D, La Rosa GL, Ippolito O, Russo G, Fiumara A, Vigneri R, Filetti S (1989). "High frequency of cancer in cold thyroid nodules occurring at young age". Acta Endocrinol. 121 (2): 197–202. PMID 2773619.
- ↑ Schneider AB, Shore-Freedman E, Ryo UY, Bekerman C, Favus M, Pinsky S (1985). "Radiation-induced tumors of the head and neck following childhood irradiation. Prospective studies". Medicine (Baltimore). 64 (1): 1–15. PMID 3965855.
- ↑ Lupoli G, Vitale G, Caraglia M, Fittipaldi MR, Abbruzzese A, Tagliaferri P, Bianco AR (1999). "Familial papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a new clinical entity". Lancet. 353 (9153): 637–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)08004-0. PMID 10030330.