Thyroid adenoma echocardiography and ultrasound
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Ultrasound may be helpful in the diagnosis of thyroid adenoma. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of thyroid adenoma include sharply demarcated nodule, fluid filled cyst, and absent vascularization.
Echocardiography/Ultrasound
Thyroid gland ultrasound is one of the first steps and the image modality of choice in thyroid nodule diagnostic evaluation. In the case of multiple nodules presentation, all the nodules should be assessed for suspicious ultrasound characteristics. The important points in ultrasound evaluation include:[1]
- Confirmation of the diagnosis of a thyroid nodule
- Assess the size of the nodule
- Determining the location of the nodule
- Determination of the shape of the nodule
- Evaluation of the composition
- Evaluation of the echogenicity
- Evaluation of the margins
- Presence of calcification
- Evaluation of the vascularity of the nodules
- Evaluation of the adjacent structures in the neck including the lymph nodes
- FNA decision making
- Based on the size, vascularity, and shape
The following characteristics are more likely to be a benign lesion:[2][3][4][5]
- Purely cystic nodule(< 2% risk of malignancy)
- Spongiform appearance (99.7% specific for benign thyroid nodule)
- Complete eggshell-type calcification and peripheral vascularity at the peripheries of the nodule
References
- ↑ Marqusee E, Benson CB, Frates MC, Doubilet PM, Larsen PR, Cibas ES, Mandel SJ (November 2000). "Usefulness of ultrasonography in the management of nodular thyroid disease". Ann. Intern. Med. 133 (9): 696–700. PMID 11074902.
- ↑ Frates MC, Benson CB, Doubilet PM, Kunreuther E, Contreras M, Cibas ES, Orcutt J, Moore FD, Larsen PR, Marqusee E, Alexander EK (2006). "Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 (9): 3411–7. doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0690. PMID 16835280.
- ↑ Moon WJ, Jung SL, Lee JH, Na DG, Baek JH, Lee YH, Kim J, Kim HS, Byun JS, Lee DH (2008). "Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiation--multicenter retrospective study". Radiology. 247 (3): 762–70. doi:10.1148/radiol.2473070944. PMID 18403624.
- ↑ Xie C, Cox P, Taylor N, LaPorte S (February 2016). "Ultrasonography of thyroid nodules: a pictorial review". Insights Imaging. 7 (1): 77–86. doi:10.1007/s13244-015-0446-5. PMC 4729706. PMID 26611469.
- ↑ Lee YH, Kim DW, In HS, Park JS, Kim SH, Eom JW, Kim B, Lee EJ, Rho MH (2011). "Differentiation between benign and malignant solid thyroid nodules using an US classification system". Korean J Radiol. 12 (5): 559–67. doi:10.3348/kjr.2011.12.5.559. PMC 3168797. PMID 21927557.