Stress cardiomyopathy classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2] Arzu Kalayci, M.D. [3]
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Stress cardiomyopathy Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Unstable angina/non ST elevation myocardial infarction in Stress (Takotsubo) Cardiomyopathy |
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Case Studies |
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Stress cardiomyopathy classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Stress cardiomyopathy classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Stress cardiomyopathy classification |
Overview
Stress cardiomyopathy can be divided into several types, depending on the location of regional wall motion abnormality. The area of motion abnormality (whether hypokinesia, dyskinesia or akinesia) can be detected on echocardiography or left ventriculography. The most common type is the apical type, resulting in apical ballooning. In a minority of patients reverse takotsubo have been described in which unlike apical ballooning the basal and mid ventricular segments of the left ventricle become akinetic.
Classification
Stress cardiomyopathy can affect different segments of the heart. The region of wall motion abnormality can be detected on echocardiography or left ventriculography. The most common type of stress cardiomyopathy is the apical type, which results in hypokinesia of the apical and mid-ventricular segments. Stress cardiomyopathy can be divided according to location of wall motion abnormality into:[1][2][3][4]
| Type of Stress Cardiomyopathy | Location of Wall Motion Abnormality | Incidence (%) | Properties |
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| Typical Type(s) | Apical Type | 81.7 |
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| Atypical Type(s) | Mid-ventricular Type | 14.6 |
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| Basal Type
(Reverse Takotsubo) |
2.2 |
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| Focal Type | 1.5 |
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| Global Type | Very rare |
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References
- ↑ Templin C, Ghadri JR, Diekmann J, Napp LC, Bataiosu DR, Jaguszewski M, Cammann VL, Sarcon A, Geyer V, Neumann CA, Seifert B, Hellermann J, Schwyzer M, Eisenhardt K, Jenewein J, Franke J, Katus HA, Burgdorf C, Schunkert H, Moeller C, Thiele H, Bauersachs J, Tschöpe C, Schultheiss HP, Laney CA, Rajan L, Michels G, Pfister R, Ukena C, Böhm M, Erbel R, Cuneo A, Kuck KH, Jacobshagen C, Hasenfuss G, Karakas M, Koenig W, Rottbauer W, Said SM, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Cuculi F, Banning A, Fischer TA, Vasankari T, Airaksinen KE, Fijalkowski M, Rynkiewicz A, Pawlak M, Opolski G, Dworakowski R, MacCarthy P, Kaiser C, Osswald S, Galiuto L, Crea F, Dichtl W, Franz WM, Empen K, Felix SB, Delmas C, Lairez O, Erne P, Bax JJ, Ford I, Ruschitzka F, Prasad A, Lüscher TF (2015). "Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy". N. Engl. J. Med. 373 (10): 929–38. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1406761. PMID 26332547.
- ↑ Kurowski V, Kaiser A, von Hof K, Killermann DP, Mayer B, Hartmann F, Schunkert H, Radke PW (2007). "Apical and midventricular transient left ventricular dysfunction syndrome (tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy): frequency, mechanisms, and prognosis". Chest. 132 (3): 809–16. doi:10.1378/chest.07-0608. PMID 17573507.
- ↑ Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Bernhardt P, Carbone I, Muellerleile K, Aldrovandi A, Francone M, Desch S, Gutberlet M, Strohm O, Schuler G, Schulz-Menger J, Thiele H, Friedrich MG (2011). "Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy". JAMA. 306 (3): 277–86. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.992. PMID 21771988.
- ↑ Win CM, Pathak A, Guglin M (2011). "Not takotsubo: a different form of stress-induced cardiomyopathy--a case series". Congest Heart Fail. 17 (1): 38–41. doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2010.00195.x. PMID 21272226.