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19:1319:13, 27 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder electrocardiogram (hist | edit) [2,783 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== For neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), an electrocardiogram (ECG) is not included in the international consensus diagnostic criteria. Consequently, ECG alone cannot confirm or exclude NMOSD.<ref name="IPND2015">Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. ''Neurology''. 2015;85(2):1...")
13:1213:12, 27 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder laboratory findings (hist | edit) [9,997 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Laboratory findings consistent with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) include serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) positivity and, in some patients, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation. AQP4-IgG is the principal disease-associated laboratory marker; positivity must be interpreted with a compatible clinical syndrome and exclusion of alternative diagnose...")

22:2822:28, 23 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder physical examination (hist | edit) [8,647 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has no single pathognomonic physical examination finding. The examination is used to identify, localize, and document objective deficits caused by optic nerve, spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalic, or cerebral involvement.<ref name="IPND2015">Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26092914/ I...")
20:1020:10, 23 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder history and symptoms (hist | edit) [7,712 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) usually presents with acute or subacute attacks involving the optic nerves, spinal cord, area postrema, brainstem, diencephalon, or cerebrum. The two clinical hallmarks are optic neuritis and acute myelitis; they may occur simultaneously but more often occur successively.<ref name="NEMOS2023">Jarius S, Aktas O, Ayzenberg I...")

14:2314:23, 21 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder diagnostic study of choice (hist | edit) [15,800 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} '''For the WikiDoc physician page on this topic, click here.''' ==Overview== * '''Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''' (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly causes inflammation in the central nervous system, especially the nerves that carry vision from the eyes to the brain (the optic nerves), the spinal cord,...")

20:4820:48, 20 October 2026 Sandbox:MSA (hist | edit) [0 bytes] Dr Muhammad Saad (talk | contribs) (Created blank page)
14:2014:20, 20 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (patient information) (hist | edit) [19,561 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} '''For the WikiDoc physician page on this topic, click here.''' ==Overview== * '''Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''' (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly causes inflammation in the central nervous system, especially the nerves that carry vision from the eyes to the brain (the optic nerves), the spinal cord,...")

17:3917:39, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder natural history, complications and prognosis (hist | edit) [18,050 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) usually follows a relapsing course characterized by acute attacks of optic neuritis, myelitis, area postrema syndrome, or other brainstem, diencephalic, or cerebral syndromes. In aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG)-positive NMOSD, the risk of relapse persists indefinitely; a mon...")
17:2017:20, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder screening (hist | edit) [11,276 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine screening for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in asymptomatic individuals. Current recommendations from the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS) and the Middle East and North Africa Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (MENACTRIMS) do not establish a population-screening program, scree...")
16:4216:42, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder risk factors (hist | edit) [11,310 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Risk factors for developing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remain incompletely established. The most reproducible associations are female sex, higher population-level occurrence among people of Black/African ancestry and in some East Asian populations, selected immunogenetic variants, and coexisting autoimmune disease.<ref name="NEMOS2023">Jarius S, Aktas O...")
14:4414:44, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder epidemiology and demographics (hist | edit) [10,846 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare disease reported worldwide. A 2026 systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 studies from 28 countries found a pooled prevalence of '''2.02 per 100,000 persons'''; individual study estimates ranged from '''0.23 to 10 per 100,000 persons'''.<ref name="Alvarenga2026">{{cite journal |author=Alvarenga RMP, Namen ME, Alva...")
14:0514:05, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder differential diagnosis (hist | edit) [20,515 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) must be differentiated from other disorders that can cause optic neuritis, acute myelitis, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, area postrema syndrome, brainstem syndromes, or inflammatory-appearing lesions of the brain and spinal cord. * The most important inflammatory differential diagnoses are myelin o...")
12:4512:45, 19 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder causes (hist | edit) [8,589 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an acquired autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, but its initiating cause has not been identified. Most patients have pathogenic aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG); this autoantibody is an established disease-driving mediator, but its presence does not explain why immune tolerance...")

14:3714:37, 17 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder pathophysiology (hist | edit) [21,989 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). In aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive disease, NMOSD is primarily an antibody-mediated astrocytopathy rather than a primary disorder of myelin.<ref name="Primer2020">Jarius S, Paul F, Weinshenker BG, et al. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm...")
14:0014:00, 17 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder classification (hist | edit) [8,559 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is classified primarily according to serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) serostatus and may additionally be described according to its clinical course. * The 2015 International Panel for Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis (IPND) consensus framework defines two formal serologic categories: '''NMOSD with AQP4-I...")

13:4013:40, 9 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder historical perspective (hist | edit) [8,981 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} '''Contributing editor:''' Julinka Auta Fernandes {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} ==Overview== '''Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder''' ('''NMOSD''') has its historical roots in the optic nerve and spinal cord syndrome characterized by Eugène Devic and Fernand Gault in '''1894''', although similar cases had been reported earlier.<ref name="HISTORY2013">{{cite journal |last1=Jarius |first1=S...")
09:4709:47, 9 October 2026 Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder overview (hist | edit) [9,552 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder}} {{SI}} {{CMG}} {{SK}} ==Overview== '''Devic's disease''', also known as '''Devic's syndrome''' or '''neuromyelitis optica (NMO)''', is an autoimmune, inflammatory disorder in which a person's own immune system attacks the optic nerves and spinal cord. This produces an inflammation of the optic nerve (''optic neuritis'') and the spinal cord (''myelitis''). A...")
07:2207:22, 9 October 2026 Transverse myelitis secondary prevention (hist | edit) [11,205 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Secondary prevention after transverse myelitis (TM) means preventing another inflammatory spinal-cord attack after the initial event. There is no single relapse-prevention regimen for every patient because transverse myelitis is a clinical syndrome with several possible causes; preventive treatment must follow the final disease-specific diagnosis.<ref name="Tisavipat2023">Tisavipat N, Flanagan EP...")

09:4309:43, 5 October 2026 Transverse myelitis surgery (hist | edit) [16,655 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Surgical intervention is not recommended for treating the intrinsic, noncompressive inflammatory spinal cord lesion of transverse myelitis. There is no anatomical target for decompression, and surgery does not reverse immune-mediated spinal-cord inflammation.<ref name="ACR2026">Peckham M, Hutchins TA, Amrhein TJ, et al.; Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4...")

18:2918:29, 4 October 2026 Sandbox: KN (hist | edit) [15,992 bytes] Kayden Ngo (talk | contribs) (Created page with "**NOTOC** ==Diagnosis== Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is primarily a '''clinical diagnosis'''. The 2023 European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) guideline identifies progressive bilateral limb weakness, decreased or absent deep-tendon reflexes, and progression to nadir within 4 weeks as the principal diagnostic features. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and electrodiagnostic studies are supportive and may be normal early in the disease; ne...")
05:2105:21, 4 October 2026 Occult bloodstream infection syndromes (hist | edit) [11,512 bytes] Jason Le (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{SI}} {{JL}} ==Occult bloodstream infection syndromes== '''Occult bloodstream infection (occult bacteremia)''' is the presence of viable bacteria in the blood of a well-appearing, non-toxic patient without a clinically apparent focus of infection at the initial evaluation, with the diagnosis established when a blood culture obtained during that encounter subsequently becomes positive.<ref name="Anderson2023FWS">Jana L. Anderson, Fernanda Bellolio. Fever with...")

20:0420:04, 3 October 2026 Catheter-related bloodstream infection differential diagnosis (hist | edit) [18,955 bytes] Jason Le (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{JL}} ==Catheter-related bloodstream infection differential diagnosis== Catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) requires both documented bacteremia or fungemia and evidence that the catheter is the source. There is no single microbiologic gold standard; the differential therefore addresses both whether a true bloodstream infection is present and whether the catheter, rather than another focus, is responsible.<ref name="Miller2024">{{cite journal |aut...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
07:5507:55, 3 October 2026 Catheter-related bloodstream infection (hist | edit) [23,646 bytes] Jason Le (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{SI}} {{CMG}} {{JL}} This is the template for the “Main Page” of a single-page with differential diagnosis table(s). Please create a separate page entitled “Disease_Name differential diagnosis” to host the differential diagnosis table. In the differential diagnosis section, please i...")

17:0217:02, 2 October 2026 Osteomalacia (patient information) (hist | edit) [7,757 bytes] Ibrahim Elkhayat (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ ==Patient information== {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{IE}} '''Osteomalacia''' is a disorder in which the newly formed and remodeled bone matrix (osteoid) does not become properly mineralized, causing bones to become softer than normal. It is different from osteoporosis, in which bone mass is reduced. Osteomalacia can cause bone pain, muscle weakness, fractures, and difficulty walking. When caused by nutritional deficiency, osteomalacia is often treatable and the mi...")

19:0719:07, 1 October 2026 Transverse myelitis interventions (hist | edit) [14,589 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * There is no single procedural intervention required for every patient with transverse myelitis. Intervention selection depends on attack severity, response to medical therapy, neurological deficits, complications, functional goals, and the identified cause. * Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is the principal disease-directed procedure for a severe presumed immune-mediated myel...")

06:0506:05, 30 September 2026 Transverse myelitis CT scan (hist | edit) [5,440 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * Computed tomography (CT) is not the diagnostic study of choice for transverse myelitis and cannot confirm or exclude inflammation of the spinal cord. * Routine CT of the spine has limited soft-tissue contrast for evaluating intramedullary spinal-cord abnormalities. Its principal value is identifying selected osseous or extra-axial abnormalities that may cause spinal cord compres...")
05:3305:33, 30 September 2026 Transverse myelitis echocardiography and ultrasound (hist | edit) [5,180 bytes] Julinka Auta Fernandes (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Transverse myelitis}} {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JAF}} ==Overview== * There are no established disease-specific findings on echocardiography or diagnostic ultrasonography that confirm or exclude transverse myelitis. These examinations are not included in the published consensus diagnostic criteria for acute transverse myelitis.<ref name="TMCWG2002">Transverse Myelitis Consortium Working Group. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12236201/ Proposed diagnostic c...")

15:0015:00, 28 September 2026 Interventions in RIMA (hist | edit) [31,230 bytes] Anum Ijaz (talk | contribs) (Created page with "__NOTOC__ {{Percutaneous Coronary Intervention}} {{CMG}}; {{AIJ}} ==Overview== Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the right internal mammary artery (RIMA) graft is an uncommon procedure, performed in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with bilateral internal mammary artery grafting. The RIMA may be used in situ, as a free graft, or as part of a composite arterial configuration, and the configuration determines how the gra...") Tag: Visual edit

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