Scrub typhus epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Scrub typhus is endemic to a part of the world known as the tsutsugamushi triangle (after O. tsutsugamushi). This extends from northern Japan and far-eastern Russia in the north, to the territories around the Solomon Sea into northern Australia in the south, and to Pakistan and Afghanistan in the west.[1]
The precise incidence of the disease is unknown, as diagnostic facilities are not available in much of its large native range which spans vast regions of equatorial jungle to the sub-tropics. In rural Thailand and in Laos, murine and scrub typhus accounts for around a quarter of all adults presenting to hospital with fever and negative blood cultures[2] [3] The incidence in Japan has fallen over the past few decades, probably due to land development driven decreasing exposure, and many prefectures report fewer than 50 cases per year.[4] [5] It affects females more than males in Korea, but not in Japan,[6] and this is conjectured to be because sex-differentiated cultural roles have women tending garden plots more often, thus being exposed to plant tissues inhabited by chiggers. The incidence is increasing day-by-day in southern part of Indian Peninsula.
References
- ↑ Seong S, Choi M & Kim I (2001). "Orientia tsutsugamushi infection: overview and immune responses". Microbes and Infection. 3 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(00)01352-6. PMID 11226850.
- ↑ Phongmany S; Rolain JM; Phetsouvanh R; et al. (2006). "Rickettsial infections and fever, Vientiane, Laos". Emerging Infect. Dis. 12 (2): 256–62. doi:10.3201/eid1202.050900. PMC 3373100. PMID 16494751. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - ↑ Suttinont C; Losuwanaluk K; Niwatayakul K; et al. (2006). "Causes of acute, undifferentiated, febrile illness in rural Thailand: results of a prospective observational study". Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 100 (4): 363–70. doi:10.1197/136485906X112158. PMID 16762116. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|doi_brokendate=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|author-separator=ignored (help) - ↑ Katayama T, Hara M, Furuya Y, Nikkawa T, Ogasawara H (2006). "Scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) in Kanagawa Prefecture in 2001–2005". Jpn J Infect Dis. 59 (3): 207–8. PMID 16785710. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Yamamoto S, Ganmyo H, Iwakiri A, Suzuki S (2006). "Annual incidence of tsutsugamushi disease in Miyazaki prefecture, Japan in 2001-2005". Jpn J Infect Dis. 59 (6): 404–5. PMID 17186964. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bang HA, Lee MJ, Lee WC (2008). "Comparative research on epidemiological aspects of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) between Korea and Japan". Jpn J Infect Dis. 61 (2): 148–50. PMID 18362409.