Rnd3

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External IDs	GeneCards: [1]
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Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
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Rnd3 is a small (~21 kDa) signaling G protein (to be specific, a GTPase), and is a member of the Rnd subgroup of the Rho family of GTPases. It is encoded by the gene RND3.

Like other members of the Rho family of Ras-related GTPases it regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular growth factors.

Regulation

Like Ras, Rho family members appear to cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form. Three major regulators of Rho activity have been identified: RhoGDIs, which interact with the GDP-bound Rho proteins to keep them in a resting complex (see MIM 601925); GEFs, which promote GDP/GTP exchange leading to activation of Rho proteins (see MIM 601855); and GAPs, which stimulate GTP hydrolysis and return the activated Rho protein to its inactive form (see MIM 602680) (Nobes et al., 1998).[supplied by OMIM]

Interactions

Rnd3 has been shown to interact with ARHGAP5 and UBXD5.

Further reading

• Foster R, Hu KQ, Lu Y, et al. (1996). "Identification of a novel human Rho protein with unusual properties: GTPase deficiency and in vivo farnesylation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (6): 2689–99. PMC 231259. PMID 8649376.
• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
• Nobes CD, Lauritzen I, Mattei MG, et al. (1998). "A new member of the Rho family, Rnd1, promotes disassembly of actin filament structures and loss of cell adhesion". J. Cell Biol. 141 (1): 187–97. doi:10.1083/jcb.141.1.187. PMC 2132722. PMID 9531558.
• Katoh H, Harada A, Mori K, Negishi M (2002). "Socius is a novel Rnd GTPase-interacting protein involved in disassembly of actin stress fibers". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (9): 2952–64. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.9.2952-2964.2002. PMC 133765. PMID 11940653.
• Fiegen D, Blumenstein L, Stege P, et al. (2002). "Crystal structure of Rnd3/RhoE: functional implications". FEBS Lett. 525 (1–3): 100–4. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)03094-6. PMID 12163169.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Riento K, Guasch RM, Garg R, et al. (2003). "RhoE binds to ROCK I and inhibits downstream signaling". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (12): 4219–29. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.12.4219-4229.2003. PMC 156133. PMID 12773565.
• Wennerberg K, Forget MA, Ellerbroek SM, et al. (2004). "Rnd proteins function as RhoA antagonists by activating p190 RhoGAP". Curr. Biol. 13 (13): 1106–15. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00418-4. PMID 12842009.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Bektic J, Pfeil K, Berger AP, et al. (2005). "Small G-protein RhoE is underexpressed in prostate cancer and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis". Prostate. 64 (4): 332–40. doi:10.1002/pros.20243. PMID 15754346.
• Rubenstein NM, Chan JF, Kim JY, et al. (2005). "Rnd3/RhoE induces tight junction formation in mammary epithelial tumor cells". Exp. Cell Res. 305 (1): 74–82. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.12.010. PMID 15777789.
• Benzinger A, Muster N, Koch HB, et al. (2005). "Targeted proteomic analysis of 14-3-3 sigma, a p53 effector commonly silenced in cancer". Mol. Cell. Proteomics. 4 (6): 785–95. doi:10.1074/mcp.M500021-MCP200. PMID 15778465.
• Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, et al. (2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514.
• Kim YS, Hori M, Yasuda K, Ozaki H (2006). "Differences in the gestational pattern of mRNA expression of the Rnd family in rat and human myometria". Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part a Mol. Integr. Physiol. 142 (4): 410–5. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.08.028. PMID 16311049.
• Ongusaha PP, Kim HG, Boswell SA, et al. (2007). "RhoE is a pro-survival p53 target gene that inhibits ROCK I-mediated apoptosis in response to genotoxic stress". Curr. Biol. 16 (24): 2466–72. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.056. PMC 2779528. PMID 17174923.
• Poch E, Miñambres R, Mocholí E, et al. (2007). "RhoE interferes with Rb inactivation and regulates the proliferation and survival of the U87 human glioblastoma cell line". Exp. Cell Res. 313 (4): 719–31. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2006.11.006. PMID 17182035.