Pulmonary atresia surgery
|
Pulmonary atresia Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Pulmonary atresia surgery On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Pulmonary atresia surgery |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Pulmonary atresia surgery |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
A patient with pulmonary atresia will require immediate intervention. Surgical intervention is necessary to improve permanently improve blood flow.
Surgical Therapy
- Preliminary treatment is cardiac cathetarization to evaluate the defect or defects of the heart; this procedure is much more invasive. Ultimately, however, the patient will need to have a series of surgeries to improve the blood flow permanently.
- The type of surgery recommended depends on the size of the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
- Children with PA-VSD usually have normal right ventricle and pulmonary artery size. Ballon Valvoplasty with Cardiac Catheterization is done in most of the cases. The catheter is passed through the groin or the neck. Hole is created in the pulmonary valve via special catheter and then balloon in inflated to keep the opening patent.
- In other cases, Open heart surgery can be performed to make blood flow through the heart in a normal pattern and is associated with the better outcomes. Surgeon will place do Pulmonary Valvoplasty and will create a communication between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. In both the cases, VSD is closed with a flap in order to prevent the mixing of the blood.
- If the right ventricle is small and unable to act as a pump (mostly PA-IVS, doctors may perform another type of operation to connect the venous circulation of the whole body directly to the pulmonary artery bypassing the right heart. This strategy is called " Single Ventricle Strategy ".
- In this two-stage procedure, the superior vena cava is connected directly to the pulmonary artery instead of the right atrium. This bypasses the RV and pulmonary valve and blood goes to the lungs for oxygenation
- In second operation few months later, the venous blood both from the superior and inferior vena cava is diverted to the pulmonary artery. This will divert the whole venous blood towards the lungs for the the proper oxygenation.
- The first surgery will likely be performed shortly after birth. A shunt can be created between the aorta and the pulmonary artery to help increase blood flow to the lungs. As the child grows, so does the heart and the shunt may need revised in order to meet the body's requirements.
Cardiac catheterization
A cardiac catheterization procedure can be used as a diagnostic procedure, as well as initial treatment procedure as balloon atrial septostomy to improve mixing oxygenated blood and unoxygenated blood between the right and left atria.
Atrial Septostomy: a special catheter with a balloon in the tip is used to create an opening in the atrial septum. The catheter is guided through the foramen ovale to the left atrium (LA). Once the ballon is in the LA is inflated and then pulled back opening a bigger hole between the right atrium and the LA to mix blood.
If the hospital does not have a catheterization lab with skill physician to perform the ballon atrial septostomy, an intravenous medication called prostaglandin is administered to keep the ductus arteriousus from closing.