Pharyngeal pouch (embryology)

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Template:Infobox Embryology Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

In the development of vertebrate animals, Pharyngeal or branchial pouches form on the endodermal side between the branchial arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches. The pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills in fish.

The pouches

First pouch

This is the only pouch in which the endoderm and ectoderm remain close together, as the tympanic membrane. There is minimal mesoderm in the tympanic membrane.

Other mesoderm derivatives include: Meckel's cartilage (mandible, malleus, incus, sphenomandibular ligament), muscles (temporalis, masseter, later and medial pterygoids, mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, anterior 2/3 tongue), and nerves (CN V2, CN V3).

Second pouch

Third pouch

  • The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of Dorsal include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve.

Fourth pouch

Fifth pouch

  • Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch contributing to thyroid C-cells.[1]

See also

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External links

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