Paroxysmal hypertension

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Paroxysmal hypertension is episodic high blood pressure.

Classification

Patients with paroxysmal hypertension who test negative for phaeochromocytoma are said to be suffering from pseudopheochromocytoma, a disorder with no known cause.

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Baroreflex failure, Factitious hypertension
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Amphetamine, Cocaine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hyperthyroidism, Pheochromocytoma
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Carcinoid
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	Mastocytosis
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Brain tumor, Cluster headache, Intracranial hemorrhage, Lateral medulla compression, Migraine headache, Seizures, Stroke , Traumatic brain injury
Nutritional / Metabolic	Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Carcinoid, Pheochromocytoma, Brain tumor
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Amphetamine, Cocaine, Lysergic acid diethylamide, Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Psychiatric	Anxiety, Factitious hypertension
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Renovascular hypertension
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Traumatic brain injury
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Pseudopheochromocytoma, Factitious hypertension

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Amphetamine
• Anxiety
• Baroreflex failure
• Brain tumor
• Carcinoid
• Cluster headache
• Cocaine
• Factitious hypertension
• Hyperthyroidism
• Intracranial hemorrhage
• Lateral medulla compression
• Lysergic acid diethylamide
• Mastocytosis
• Migraine headache
• Pheochromocytoma
• Pseudopheochromocytoma
• Renovascular hypertension
• Traumatic brain injury
• Tyrosine ingestion combined with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Seizures
• Stroke

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

• Some cases can result in hypertensive encephalopathy