Non-Polio enterovirus infections risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujaya Chattopadhyay, M.D.[2]
Overview
EV infections vary greatly in severity. Understanding the risk factors for severe infection may help clinicians identify infants at risk for adverse outcomes.
Risk Factors
Age[1]
- Prematurity
- Early age on onset of illness (<7 days of age)
Clinical status[1]
- Higher WBC count: A higher degree of inflammation and consequent hepatic/myocardial damage
- Low hemoglobin: May signal a bleeding diathesis
Babies Born to Infected Mothers[2][3]
Mothers infected shortly before delivery may pass the virus to the newborn. Babies born to mothers who have symptoms of enteroviral illness around the time of delivery are more likely to be infected.
Other factors[4]
- Low accessibility to water and high density and intimacy among family members due to small housing space [4.3m^2(1.10 m^2 per person)]: Apparent major reasons for high infectivity, although not statistically evident
- Sharing a kitchen and/or bathroom
- Inside toilet: Higher risk of intrafamilial spread
- Lack of cleaning of kitchen, bathroom, toilets and waste disposal areas
- Improper hand hygiene
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lin TY, Kao HT, Hsieh SH, Huang YC, Chiu CH, Chou YH; et al. (2003). "Neonatal enterovirus infections: emphasis on risk factors of severe and fatal infections". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 22 (10): 889–94. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000091294.63706.f3. PMID 14551490.
- ↑ Modlin JF (1986). "Perinatal echovirus infection: insights from a literature review of 61 cases of serious infection and 16 outbreaks in nurseries". Rev Infect Dis. 8 (6): 918–26. doi:10.1093/clinids/8.6.918. PMID 3541126.
- ↑ Abzug MJ (2001). "Prognosis for neonates with enterovirus hepatitis and coagulopathy". Pediatr Infect Dis J. 20 (8): 758–63. doi:10.1097/00006454-200108000-00008. PMID 11734737.
- ↑ Kuramitsu M, Kuroiwa C, Yoshida H, Miyoshi M, Okumura J, Shimizu H; et al. (2005). "Non-polio enterovirus isolation among families in Ulaanbaatar and Tov province, Mongolia: prevalence, intrafamilial spread, and risk factors for infection". Epidemiol Infect. 133 (6): 1131–42. doi:10.1017/S0950268805004139. PMC 2870349. PMID 16274512.