Chronic hypertension epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian, Taylor Palmieri
Overview
Hypertension is considered an epidemic worldwide. It continues to be one of the most common diseases. In October 2013, CDC data from the 2011-2012 National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) demonstrated that the overall age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among U.S. adults aged 18 and older was 29.1%.[1] Similar surveys conducted in Europe estimated the prevalence of hypertension to be 44%.[2] The prevalence of hypertension increases among older patients and among non-Hispanic black patients, but is similar in both genders.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Hypertension is considered an epidemic worldwide. It continues to be one of the most common diseases. In October 2013, CDC data from the 2011-2012 National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) demonstrated that the overall age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension among U.S. adults aged 18 and older was 29.1%.[1] Similar surveys conducted in Europe estimated the prevalence of hypertension to be 44%.[2] Worldwide data currently estimates that hypertension currently affects approximately 972 million people with yearly incidence rates ranging between 3% and 18%.[3] Data from the 1990s suggested a decrease in the prevalence of hypertension; however, recent data has in fact revealed that hypertension is on the rise again.[3] Despite the high prevalence of hypertension, NHANES reports that there is a significant increase in awareness, treatment, and control among hypertensive patients over the last 10 years.[4]
The prevalence of hypertension varies according to age, gender, and ethnicity which has been underlined by data collected by the NHANES 2011-2012:[1]
Age
The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 7.3% among those aged 18-39, 32.4% among those aged 40-59, and 65.0% among those aged 60 and over. A global rise in systolic blood pressure with age is likely the principle etiology for the increased incidence and prevalence of hypertension among older individuals.
Gender
The age-adjusted prevalence on hypertension doesn’t vary significantly by gender with a prevalence of 29.7% among men and similarly a prevalence of 28.5% among women.
Ethnicity
The age-adjusted prevalence is significantly higher among non-Hispanic blacks at 42.1% in contrast to 28.0% among white non-Hispanic, 26.0% among Hispanic, 24.7% among Asian individuals.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nwankwo T, Yoon SS, Burt V, Gu Q (2013). "Hypertension among adults in the United States: national health and nutrition examination survey, 2011-2012". NCHS Data Brief (133): 1–8. PMID 24171916.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S, Hense HW, Joffres M; et al. (2003). "Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States". JAMA. 289 (18): 2363–9. doi:10.1001/jama.289.18.2363. PMID 12746359.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hajjar I, Kotchen JM, Kotchen TA (2006). "Hypertension: trends in prevalence, incidence, and control". Annu Rev Public Health. 27: 465–90. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102132. PMID 16533126.
- ↑ Yoon SS, Burt V, Louis T, Carroll MD (2012). "Hypertension among adults in the United States, 2009-2010". NCHS Data Brief (107): 1–8. PMID 23102115.