Ganglioneuroma staging
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
According to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), there are six stages of ganglioneuroma based on clinical, radiologic, and surgical features.[1]
Staging
According to the International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS), there are six stages of ganglioneuroma based on clinical, radiologic, and surgical features.[1]
Stage 1
- Localized tumor confined to the area of origin
- Complete gross excision, with or without microscopically residual disease
- Identifiable ipsilateral and contralateral lymph node negative microscopically
Stage 2A
- Unilateral tumor with incomplete gross excision
- Identifiable ipsilateral nonadherent lymph node negative microscopically
Stage 2B
- Unilateral tumor with complete or incomplete gross excision
- Positive ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes
- Identifiable contralateral lymph node negtive microscopically
Stage 3
- Tumor infiltrating across the midline (vertebral column) with or without regional lymph node involvement
- OR
- Unilateral tumor with contralateral regional lymph node involvement
- OR
- Midline tumor with bilateral regional lymph node involvement or extension by infiltration
Stage 4
- Dissemination of tumor to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver or other organs (except as defined in stage 4S)
Stage 4S
- Localized primary tumor as defined for stage 1 or 2 with dissemination limited to liver, skin, and/or bone marrow (<10% tumor) in infants younger than 1 yr
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Adam, O; Boia, ES (2007). "ganglioneuroma" (PDF). jurnalul pediatrului. 10 (39–40). Retrieved 10 September 2015.