Endocardial cushion defect classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Based on the anatomical features and their impact on physiology, endocardial cushion defect may be classified into complete, partial, intermediate, transitional, and intermediate forms.

Classification

Based on the anatomical features and their impact on physiology, endocardial cushion defect may be classified into complete, partial, intermediate, transitional, and intermediate forms.

Type	Pathophysiology	Characteristics
Complete AV canal	Complete failure to fuse of superior and inferior cushions	Primum ASD Posterior VSD Common AV valve
Partial AV canal	Incomplete fusion of the superior and inferior cushions
Transitional AV canal	Similar physiology of a partial AV canal defect Dense chordal attachments to the ventricular septum lead to small insignificant ventricular shunting Delineation of distinct left and right AV valve orifices	Large primum defect Mitral valve cleft Inlet VSD
Intermediate AV	Bridging tongue of tissue divides the common AV valve into two distinct orifices.	Large primum atrial Inlet ventricular septal defects.