Dysplastic nevus overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
A dysplastic nevus, is an atypical mole; a mole whose appearance is different from that of common moles. Dysplastic nevi are generally larger than ordinary moles and have irregular and indistinct borders. Their color frequently is not uniform and ranges from pink to dark brown; they usually are flat, but parts may be raised above the skin surface. Dysplastic nevus can be found anywhere, but are most common on the trunk in men, and on the calves in women.
Classification
Dysplastic nevus is a type of melanocytic lesion.
Pathophysiology
Depending on cytologic atypia, melanocytic lesions range from dysplastic nevus to melanoma.
Differential diagnosis
Dysplastic nevus should be differentiated from common moles and melanoma.
Epidemiology
Males are more commonly affected by dysplastic nevus compared to females.
Risk factors
Sunlight exposure is the most important risk factor for the development of dysplastic nevus.
Screening
Patients with dysplastic nevus should undergo regular screening to prevent progression to melanoma.
Natural history and complications
Dysplastic nevus can progress to melanoma if it is not treated adequately. Complications of dysplastic nevi include melanoma and metastasis.
Physical Examination
The only way to diagnose dysplastic nevus is to remove tissue and check it for dysplasia.
Biopsy
When an atypical mole has been identified, a biopsy takes place in order to best diagnose it. Local anesthetic is used to numb the area, then the mole is biopsied. The biopsy material is then sent to a laboratory to be evaluated by a Pathologist.
Treatment
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for dysplastic nevus.
Primary Prevention
Everyone should protect their skin from the sun and stay away from sunlamps and tanning booths, but for people who have dysplastic nevi, it is even more important to protect the skin and avoid getting a suntan or sunburn.