C4 glomerulopathy
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C4 glomerulopathy Microchapters |
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C4 glomerulopathy On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of C4 glomerulopathy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3] Norina Usman, M.B.B.S[4]
Synonyms and keywords: glomerulonephritis; C4 glomerulonephritis; dense deposit disease
There is limited information about the historical perspective of C4 glomerulopathy.
C4 glomerulopathy may be classified based on complement deposition into Dense Deposit Disease (DDD) and C4 Glomerulonephritis (C4GN).
It is thought that C4 glomerulopathy is the result of the activation of immune complex glomerulonephritis or lectin pathway of the complement.
C4 glomerulopathy may be caused by mutation of complement factor,anti-factor H, anti-factor B, or C4 nephritic factor.
C4 glomerulopathy must be differentiated from other diseases that cause proteinuria, hematuria, and peripheral edema, such as IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, focal segmental glomerulus /minimal change disease, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis.
There is not much information available about the incidence and prevalence.
There are no established risk factors for C4 glomerulopathy.
There is insufficient information to recommend routine screening for C4 glomerulopathy.
If left untreated, C4 glomerulopathy may progress to develop renal failure.
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Studies | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Surgery | Medical therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies