Butyrophilin

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Butyrophilin
Identifiers
SymbolButyrophilin
Membranome14
Butyrophilin, subfamily 1, member A1
Identifiers
SymbolBTN1A1
Entrez696
HUGO1135
RefSeqNP_001723
UniProtQ13410
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p22.2
Butyrophilin, subfamily 2, member A2
Identifiers
SymbolBTN2A2
Entrez10385
HUGO1137
RefSeqNP_008926
UniProtQ8WVV5
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p22.2
Butyrophilin, subfamily 3, member A1
Identifiers
SymbolBTN3A1
Entrez11119
HUGO1138
RefSeqNP_008979
UniProtO00481
Other data
LocusChr. 6 p22.2

Butyrophilin is a family of proteins.[1][2]

Butyrophilin (Btn) genes constitute a subgroup of at least 10 genes in the Ig superfamily identified in human, mouse, cow, goat and other species.[3]

The eponymous Btn gene (BTN1A1 in humans; Btn1a1 in mouse) is highly expressed in the secretory epithelium of the mammary gland during lactation. Other homologues are predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and the intestine and erythroid cells. In contrast, BTN2A1 and 2 and BTN3A1, 2, and 3 are widely expressed in many tissues, suggesting that the structural domains of Btn proteins may have both universal and tissue-specific functions.

Types include:

  • BTN1A1 - Regulates secretion of milk-lipid droplets
  • BTN2A2 - Involved in lipid, fatty-acid and sterol metabolism
  • BTN3A1

References

  1. Mather IH, Jack LJ (1993). "A review of the molecular and cellular biology of butyrophilin, the major protein of bovine milk fat globule membrane". Journal of Dairy Science. 76 (12): 3832–50. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77726-7. PMID 8132890.
  2. Afrache H, Gouret P, Ainouche S, Pontarotti P, Olive D (2012). "The butyrophilin (BTN) gene family: from milk fat to the regulation of the immune response". Immunogenetics. 64 (11): 781–94. doi:10.1007/s00251-012-0619-z. PMID 23000944.
  3. Ogg SL, Weldon AK, Dobbie L, Smith AJ, Mather IH (2004). "Expression of butyrophilin (Btn1a1) in lactating mammary gland is essential for the regulated secretion of milk-lipid droplets". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (27): 10084–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402930101. PMC 454168. PMID 15226505.