Buerger's disease epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Buerger disease is more common in Israel, Japan and India along the "old silk route" than in the United States and Europe. The disease is most common among South Asians, who often smoke cigarettes made of raw tobacco (bidis). Buerger's disease affects more males than females at a ratio of 3:1. The prevalence in the United States has decreased from 140 per 100,000 in 1947 to 8 - 12 per 100,000 as the prevalence of smoking has declined.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The exact incidence of Buerger's disease is not known, since the prevalence of smoking has dropped and diagnostic criteria have become more strict.[1][2]
Prevalence
- The prevalence of Buerger's disease is approximately 8-12 per 100,000 individuals in the USA.[3]
- In 1947, the prevalence of Buerger's disease was estimated to be 140 cases per 100,000 individuals.
Age
- Buerger disease commonly affects male individuals between 20-45 years old who have a history of heavy smoking or chewing tobacco, with a median age for onset at 35.[4]
- Buerger disease does not affect the very young or elderly. However, an autoimmune disease in children may lead to Buerger disease.
Race
- Buerger disease usually affects individuals of the Jewish race, in particular Ashkenazi Jews. European individuals are less likely to develop Buerger disease.[5]
- Buerger disease is also prevalent among Mediterranean, South Asian, East Asian and Middle Eastern individuals.
Gender
- Buerger's disease is more common among men than women.[6]
- Women and older adults are affected less often, however there is an increasing prevalence among women with the rising trend in smoking among them.
- Male to female ratio is 3:1.
Region
The majority of Buerger disease cases are reported in countries such as Iran, Bangladesh, India, Japan, Korea and Israel.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Mills JL, Taylor LM, Porter JM (July 1987). "Buerger's disease in the modern era". Am. J. Surg. 154 (1): 123–9. PMID 3605510.
- ↑ Mills JL, Porter JM (March 1993). "Buerger's disease: a review and update". Semin Vasc Surg. 6 (1): 14–23. PMID 8252225.
- ↑ Dilege S, Aksoy M, Kayabali M, Genc FA, Senturk M, Baktiroglu S (2002). "Vascular reconstruction in Buerger's disease: is it feasible?". Surg. Today. 32 (12): 1042–7. doi:10.1007/s005950200211. PMID 12541020.
- ↑ Lie JT (March 1989). "The rise and fall and resurgence of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)". Acta Pathol. Jpn. 39 (3): 153–8. PMID 2662703.
- ↑ Arkkila PE (April 2006). "Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 14. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-14. PMC 1523324. PMID 16722538.
- ↑ Lie JT (January 1987). "Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) in women". Medicine (Baltimore). 66 (1): 65–72. PMID 3492659.
- ↑ Grove WJ, Stansby GP (March 1992). "Buerger's disease and cigarette smoking in Bangladesh". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 74 (2): 115–7, discussion 118. PMC 2497513. PMID 1567129.
- ↑ Tavakoli H, Rezaii J, Esfandiari K, Salimi J, Rashidi A (March 2008). "Buerger's disease: a 10-year experience in Tehran, Iran". Clin. Rheumatol. 27 (3): 369–71. doi:10.1007/s10067-007-0784-x. PMID 18172574.