Bone or cartilage mass staging

	Bone or Cartilage Mass Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac, Maria Fernanda Villarreal, M.D. [2]

Overview

According to the Enneking system there are 6 stages of benign and malignant bone tumors based on the grade, anatomic site, and metastasis.^[1]

The table below summarizes the Enneking system of bone and cartilage tumors, that stage bone tumors according to grade, anatomic site, and metastasis.

**Enneking Tumor Staging**
Adapted from The Orthopaedic Knowledge Network. 2009 ^[1]
Grade	G0	Benign
	G1	Low grade malignant
	G2	High grade malignant
Anatomic site	T0	Intracapsular
	T1	Extracapsular, intracompartmental
	T2	Extracapsular, extracompartmental
Metastasis	M0	No metastasis
Metastasis	M1	Distant metastasis

**Enneking Tumor Staging**
Adapted from The Orthopaedic Knowledge Network. 2009 ^[1]
Origin	Stages	Grade	Site	Metastasis	Description	Examples
Benign	1	G0	T0	M0	Benign latent	Osteoid osteoma, lipoma
	2	G0	T0	M0	Benign active	Giant cell tumor, hemangioma
	3	G0	T1-T2	M0-M1	Benign aggresive	Desmoplastic fibroma, chondroblastoma
Malignant	IA	G1	T1	M0	Low grade malignant, intracompartmental	Low grade intramedullary osteosarcoma, dematofibrosarcoma protuberans
	IB	G1	T2	M0	Low grade malignant, extracompartmental	Parosteal osteosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma
	IIA	G2	T1	M0	High grade malignant, intracompartmental	High grade central osteosarcoma, angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma
	IIB	G2	T2	M0	High grade malignant, extracompartmental	Ewing sarcoma, high grade osteosarcoma
	IIIA	G1-G2	T1	M1	Regional metastasis	Low grade intramedullary osteosarcoma, low grade synovial sarcoma
	IIIB	G1-G2	T2	M1	Distant metastasis	High grade osteosarcoma, high grade liposarcoma

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Enneking System for Staging of Benign and Malignant Bone and Soft Tissue Lesion. Orthopaedics One. http://www.orthopaedicsone.com/x/TwAjAQ. Accessed on February 12, 2016