Adult brain tumors epidemiology and demographics
|
Adult brain tumors Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Adult brain tumors epidemiology and demographics On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Adult brain tumors epidemiology and demographics |
|
Adult brain tumors epidemiology and demographics in the news |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Adult brain tumors epidemiology and demographics |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Brain tumors account for 85% to 90% of all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Available registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for 1996 to 2000 indicate that the combined incidence of primary invasive CNS tumors in the United States is 6.6 per 100,000 persons per year with an estimated mortality of 4.7 per 100,000 persons per year. Worldwide, approximately 176,000 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2000, with an estimated mortality of 128,000. In general, the incidence of primary brain tumors is higher in whites than in blacks, and mortality is higher in males than in females.
Brain metastases outnumber primary neoplasms by at least 10 to 1, and they occur in 20% to 40% of cancer patients. Because no national cancer registry documents brain metastases, the exact incidence is unknown, but it has been estimated that 98,000 to 170,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year. This number may be increasing because of the capacity of MRI to detect small metastases and because of prolonged survival resulting from improved systemic therapy.
Frequency of Specific Tumors
Anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma account for approximately 38% of primary brain tumors; meningiomas and other mesenchymal tumors account for approximately 27%. Other less common primary brain tumors include pituitary tumors, schwannomas, CNS lymphomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, low-grade astrocytomas, and medulloblastomas, in decreasing order of frequency. Schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas account for as much as 79% of primary spinal tumors. Other less common primary spinal tumors include sarcomas, astrocytomas, vascular tumors, and chordomas, in decreasing order of frequency. The familial tumor syndromes (and respective chromosomal abnormalities that are associated with CNS neoplasms) include neurofibromatosis type I (17q11), neurofibromatosis type II (22q12), von Hippel-Lindau disease (3p25-26), tuberous sclerosis (9q34, 16p13), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (17p13), Turcot syndrome type 1 (3p21, 7p22), Turcot syndrome type 2 (5q21), and nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (9q22.3).