Viral encephalitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{Viral encephalitis}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{AG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Adult patients with encephalitis may present with acute onset of fever, headache, confusion, weakness and sometimes seizures. Younger children or infants may present with irritability, anorexia and fever. Less commonly, photophobia, stiffness of the neck can occur if meningeal involvement occurs simultaneously with brain involvement. Rarely, patients may present with stiffness of the limbs, slowness in movement and clumsiness, and hallucination depending on which specific part of the brain is involved. The symptoms of encephalitis are caused by the brain's defense mechanisms activating to get rid of the infection. | Adult patients with encephalitis may present with acute onset of fever, headache, confusion, weakness and sometimes seizures. Younger children or infants may present with irritability, anorexia and fever. Less commonly, photophobia, stiffness of the neck can occur if meningeal involvement occurs simultaneously with brain involvement. Rarely, patients may present with stiffness of the limbs, slowness in movement and clumsiness, and hallucination depending on which specific part of the brain is involved. The symptoms of encephalitis are caused by the brain's defense mechanisms activating to get rid of the infection. | ||
==History and symptoms== | ==History and symptoms== | ||
===History=== | ===History=== | ||
* History of mosquito or tick bites or exposure to mouse/rat droppings. Additionally, history of animal bite and exposure to a bat to rule out rabies should be done. | * History of mosquito or tick bites or exposure to mouse/rat droppings. Additionally, history of animal bite and exposure to a bat to rule out rabies should be done. | ||
* Patients may have symptoms of a cold or stomach infection prior to symptoms onset. | * Patients may have symptoms of a cold or stomach infection prior to symptoms onset. | ||
===Symptoms=== | ===Symptoms=== | ||
====Common | ====Common Symptoms==== | ||
* Acute confusion or decreased levels of consciousness. | * Acute confusion or decreased levels of consciousness. | ||
* [[Amnesia]] (short or long term) | * [[Amnesia]] (short or long term) | ||
| Line 23: | Line 21: | ||
* Decreased appetite | * Decreased appetite | ||
* Clumsiness, unsteady gait | * Clumsiness, unsteady gait | ||
====Less | ====Less Common Symptoms==== | ||
* Flaccid paralysis | * Flaccid paralysis | ||
* Backache | * Backache | ||
====Virus | ====Virus Specific Symptoms==== | ||
====Varicella- | ====Varicella-Zoster Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Measles Virus, or Mumps Virus==== | ||
* Rash, swelling of neck glands can be seen | * Rash, swelling of neck glands can be seen | ||
====Herpes | ====Herpes Simplex Virus==== | ||
* can be seen in neonates | |||
** Herpes specific lesion in skin, eye and mouth | ** Herpes specific lesion in skin, eye and mouth ulcers | ||
** Poor feeding | ** Poor feeding | ||
** Decreased alertness | ** Decreased alertness | ||
| Line 38: | Line 36: | ||
** Soft spot on the top of the head may bulge out more | ** Soft spot on the top of the head may bulge out more | ||
** [[Vomiting]] | ** [[Vomiting]] | ||
====Toxoplasma | |||
====Toxoplasma Virus==== | |||
* Common in immuno-compromised patients (common in HIV patients presenting with neurological manifestations) | * Common in immuno-compromised patients (common in HIV patients presenting with neurological manifestations) | ||
====St Louis | ====St Louis Encephalitis==== | ||
* Painful urination | * Painful urination | ||
* Pus in urine | * Pus in urine | ||
====West Nile | |||
====West Nile Fever==== | |||
* Extreme lethargy | * Extreme lethargy | ||
== | |||
==References== | |||
{{Reflist|2}} | |||
{{WikiDoc Help Menu}} | |||
{{WikiDoc Sources}} | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammations]] | [[Category:Inflammations]] | ||
[[Category:Overview complete]] | [[Category:Overview complete]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]
Overview
Adult patients with encephalitis may present with acute onset of fever, headache, confusion, weakness and sometimes seizures. Younger children or infants may present with irritability, anorexia and fever. Less commonly, photophobia, stiffness of the neck can occur if meningeal involvement occurs simultaneously with brain involvement. Rarely, patients may present with stiffness of the limbs, slowness in movement and clumsiness, and hallucination depending on which specific part of the brain is involved. The symptoms of encephalitis are caused by the brain's defense mechanisms activating to get rid of the infection.
History and symptoms
History
- History of mosquito or tick bites or exposure to mouse/rat droppings. Additionally, history of animal bite and exposure to a bat to rule out rabies should be done.
- Patients may have symptoms of a cold or stomach infection prior to symptoms onset.
Symptoms
Common Symptoms
- Acute confusion or decreased levels of consciousness.
- Amnesia (short or long term)
- Behavioral or personality change
- Light sensitivity (Photophobia), neck stiffness, neck pain (suggesting meningeal irritation)
- Seizure (Generalized or focal)
- Headache
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Decreased appetite
- Clumsiness, unsteady gait
Less Common Symptoms
- Flaccid paralysis
- Backache
Virus Specific Symptoms
Varicella-Zoster Virus, Epstein-Barr Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Measles Virus, or Mumps Virus
- Rash, swelling of neck glands can be seen
Herpes Simplex Virus
- can be seen in neonates
- Herpes specific lesion in skin, eye and mouth ulcers
- Poor feeding
- Decreased alertness
- Seizures, Body stiffness
- Irritability and crying more often (these symptoms may get worse when the baby is picked up)
- Soft spot on the top of the head may bulge out more
- Vomiting
Toxoplasma Virus
- Common in immuno-compromised patients (common in HIV patients presenting with neurological manifestations)
St Louis Encephalitis
- Painful urination
- Pus in urine
West Nile Fever
- Extreme lethargy