Viral encephalitis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]; Anthony Gallo, B.S. [3]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Viral Encephalitis from Other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural history, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

Template:WikiDoc Sources

References

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 '''For patient information, click [[Encephalitis (patient information)|here]]'''
-{{Infobox_Disease |
+{{Viral encephalitis}}
-  Name           = {{PAGENAME}} |
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{AG}}
-  Image          = |
-  Caption        = |
-  DiseasesDB     = 22543 |
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|83||a|80}}-{{ICD10|A|86||a|80}}, {{ICD10|B|94|1|b|90}}, {{ICD10|G|05||g|00}} |
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|323}} |
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-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = |
-  eMedicineTopic = |
-  MeshID         = D004660 |
-}}
-{{SI}}
-{{CMG}}
-==Overview==
+==[[Viral encephalitis overview|Overview]]==
-'''Encephalitis''' is an [[Acute (medical)|acute]] [[inflammation]] of the [[brain]], commonly caused by a [[virus|viral]] [[infection]]. Sometimes, encephalitis can result from a [[bacteria]]l infection, such as bacterial [[meningitis]], or it may be a complication of other infectious diseases like [[rabies]] (viral) or [[syphilis]] (bacterial). Certain [[parasitic]] or [[protozoa]]l infestations, such as [[toxoplasmosis]], [[malaria]], or [[primary amoebic meningoencephalitis]], can also cause encephalitis in people with [[immune deficiency|compromised]] [[immune system]]s. Brain damage occurs as the inflamed brain pushes against the skull, and can lead to death.
+==[[Viral encephalitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-==Symptoms==
+==[[Viral encephalitis classification|Classification]]==
-Patients with encephalitis suffer from fever, headache and [[photophobia]] with weakness and seizures are also common. Less commonly, stiffness of the neck can occur with rare cases of patients also suffering from stiffness of the limbs, slowness in movement and clumsiness depending on which specific part of the brain is involved. The symptoms of encephalitis are caused by the brain's defense mechanisms activating to get rid of the infection.
-Another symptom of Encephalitis is hallucination.
-==Etiology==
+==[[Viral encephalitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-Encephalitis may be caused by a variety of afflictions. One such affliction is [[rabies]].
+==[[Viral encephalitis causes|Causes]]==
-==Diagnosis==
+==[[Viral encephalitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Viral Encephalitis from Other Diseases]]==
-Adult patients with encephalitis present with acute onset of fever, headache, confusion, and sometimes seizures. Younger children or infants may present with irritability, anorexia and fever.
-Neurological examinations usually reveal a drowsy or confused patient. Stiff neck, due to the irritation of the meninges covering the brain, indicates that the patient has either meningitis or meningeoncephalitis. Examination of the [[cerebrospinal fluid]] obtained by a [[lumbar puncture]] procedure usually reveals increased amounts of protein and white blood cells with normal glucose, though in a significant percentage of patients, the cerebrospinal fluid may be normal. [[Computed tomography|CT scan]] often is not helpful, as cerebral abscess is uncommon. Cerebral abscess is more common in patients with meningitis  than encephalitis. Bleeding is also uncommon except in patients with [[herpes simplex]] type 1 encephalitis. [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] offers better resolution. In patients with herpes simplex encephalitis, electroencephalograph may show sharp waves in one or both of the temporal lobes. Lumbar puncture procedure is performed only after the possibility of prominent brain swelling is excluded by a CT scan examination. Diagnosis is often made with detection of antibodies against specific viral agent (such as herpes simplex virus) or by [[polymerase chain reaction]] that amplifies the [[RNA]] or [[DNA]] of the virus responsible.
+==[[Viral encephalitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-==Histopathology: Viral encephalitis==
+==[[Viral encephalitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-<youtube v=F2jB-U3VXp0/>
+==[[Viral encephalitis natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural history, Complications and Prognosis]]==
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Viral encephalitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Viral encephalitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Viral encephalitis laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Viral encephalitis MRI|MRI]] | [[Viral encephalitis CT|CT]] | [[Viral encephalitis other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 ==Treatment==
+[[Viral encephalitis medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Viral encephalitis primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Viral encephalitis secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Viral encephalitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Viral encephalitis future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-Treatment is usually [[symptomatic]]. Reliably tested specific antiviral agents are available only for a few viral agents (e.g. [[acyclovir]] for [[herpes simplex virus]]) and are used with limited success for most infection except herpes simplex encephalitis. In patients who are very sick, supportive treatment, such as mechanical ventilation, is equally important.
+==Case Studies==
+[[Viral encephalitis case study one|Case #1]]
-==Encephalitis lethargica==
+==Related Chapters==
-{{main|Encephalitis lethargica}}
-[[Encephalitis lethargica]] is an atypical form of encephalitis which caused an [[epidemic]] from 1917 to 1928. There have only been a small number of isolated cases since, though in recent years a few patients have shown very similar symptoms. The cause is now thought to be either a bacterial agent or an autoimmune response following infection.
-==Limbic system encephalitis==
-In a small number of cases, called [[limbic encephalitis]], the pathogens responsible for encephalitis attack primarily the [[limbic system]] (a collection of structures at the base of the brain responsible for basic [[autonomic]] functions).
-==See also==
 *[[Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis]]
 *[[Japanese Encephalitis]]
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 *[[Tick-borne meningoencephalitis]]
 *[[Herpes simplex]]
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-{{Diseases of the nervous system}}
+==References==
-{{SIB}}
+{{reflist|2}}
-[[te:మెదడువాపు]]
-[[de:Enzephalitis]]
-[[es:Encefalitis]]
-[[fr:Encéphalite]]
-[[ko:뇌염]]
-[[hr:Encefalitis]]
-[[it:Encefalite]]
-[[la:Encephalitis]]
-[[hu:Agyvelőgyulladás]]
-[[nl:Hersenontsteking]]
-[[ja:脳炎]]
-[[pl:Zapalenie mózgu]]
-[[pt:Encefalite]]
-[[ru:Энцефалит]]
-[[simple:Encephalitis]]
-[[fi:Aivotulehdus]]
-[[sv:Hjärninflammation]]
-[[vi:Viêm não]]
-[[tr:Ensefalit]]
-[[zh:脑炎]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Neurological disorders]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 [[Category:Inflammations]]
-[[Category:Greek loanwords]]
-[[Category:Overview complete]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Viral encephalitis: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 00:40, 30 July 2020

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