Urticaria laboratory findings
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Laboratory Findings
- Autologous serum skin test (ASST) and basophil activation test (BAT) are two tests that are capable of detecting any autoantibodies against IgE for FcεRI.[1][2]
- Although ASST is not a specific test, positive results can determine active disease, mast cells and basophils activation and possible reduction in basophils.
- Interestingly positive autologous serum skin test (ASST) could be related to better prognosis.
- Moreover positive autologous serum skin test (ASST) seems to be related to slower response to omalizumab.
- C-reactive protein (CRP) is also related to disease activity and treatment response in urticaria.[3][4][5]
- It's elevated level is also associated with positive autologous serum skin test (ASST) and elevated levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), leukocytes, neutrophils and IL-6.
- Elevated CRP is related to better response to oral cyclosporine therapy and conversely poor response to antihistamines.
- In contrast to other inflammatory conditions, urticaria patients usually present with lower quantitative level of CRP.
- Interleukins
- Elevated level of IL-6 is related to disease activity in urticaria.[4]
- IL-18, one of the IL-1 family cytokines, has been present in serum specimens of nearly all patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria. Nevertheless more studies required to determine it's exact role in the pathogenesis of this subtype.[6][7]
- The following table is a summary of possible elevated interleukins in urticaria:[7][1][8]
| Interleukins | Explanations |
|---|---|
| Interleukin 6 | Determines disease activity
______________________________________________ |
| Interleukin 1 |
Such as Interleukin 18 and Interleukin 17
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| Interleukin 23 | Interleukin 23/Interleukin 17 axis has been explained in pathogenesis of urticaria. ______________________________________________ |
| Interleukin 31 |
Also elevated in other chronic skin inflammations
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References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Puxeddu I, Petrelli F, Angelotti F, Croia C, Migliorini P (2019). "Biomarkers In Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Current Targets And Clinical Implications". J Asthma Allergy. 12: 285–295. doi:10.2147/JAA.S184986. PMC 6759208 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31571935. - ↑ Ye YM, Park JW, Kim SH, Ban GY, Kim JH, Shin YS; et al. (2016). "Prognostic Factors for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A 6-Month Prospective Observational Study". Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 8 (2): 115–23. doi:10.4168/aair.2016.8.2.115. PMC 4713874. PMID 26739404.
- ↑ Kolkhir P, Altrichter S, Hawro T, Maurer M (2018). "C-reactive protein is linked to disease activity, impact, and response to treatment in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria". Allergy. 73 (4): 940–948. doi:10.1111/all.13352. PMID 29130488.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kasperska-Zajac A, Sztylc J, Machura E, Jop G (2011). "Plasma IL-6 concentration correlates with clinical disease activity and serum C-reactive protein concentration in chronic urticaria patients". Clin Exp Allergy. 41 (10): 1386–91. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03789.x. PMID 21645137.
- ↑ Ohtsuka T (2010). "Response to oral cyclosporine therapy and high sensitivity-CRP level in chronic idiopathic urticaria". Int J Dermatol. 49 (5): 579–84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04384.x. PMID 20534097.
- ↑ Tedeschi A, Lorini M, Suli C, Asero R (2007). "Serum interleukin-18 in patients with chronic ordinary urticaria: association with disease activity". Clin Exp Dermatol. 32 (5): 568–70. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02450.x. PMID 17509061.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Puxeddu I, Italiani P, Giungato P, Pratesi F, Panza F, Bartaloni D; et al. (2013). "Free IL-18 and IL-33 cytokines in chronic spontaneous urticaria". Cytokine. 61 (3): 741–3. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2013.01.015. PMID 23433789.
- ↑ Kolkhir P, André F, Church MK, Maurer M, Metz M (2017). "Potential blood biomarkers in chronic spontaneous urticaria". Clin Exp Allergy. 47 (1): 19–36. doi:10.1111/cea.12870. PMID 27926978.