Thoracic aortic aneurysm causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:26, 30 April 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Two of the most common causes of thoracic aorta aneurysm are Marfan's syndrome and atherosclerosis. In some centers, a prior history of dissection with aneurysmal dilation is the most common cause of surgical repair.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Aortic dissection

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Aortic dissection, aortic stenosis, aortic valve replacement, aortitis, atherosclerosis, bacterial endocarditis, bicuspid aortic valve, systemic hypertension
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	Arterial tortuosity syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Turner syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Previous surgery on the aorta
Infectious Disease	Aortitis, quaternary syphilis, septic embolism
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Wegener's granulomatosis
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Ankylosing spondylitis, aortitis, Behcet's disease, giant cell arteritis, reactive arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid vasculitis, Takayasu's arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Sudden deceleration
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Ankylosing spondylitis
Aortic dissection
Aortic stenosis
Aortitis
Aortic valve replacement
Arterial tortuosity syndrome
Atherosclerosis
Bacterial infection, often following valvular endocarditis

Behcet's disease
Bicuspid aortic valve
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Giant cell arteritis
Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Marfan's syndrome
Quaternary syphilis
Reactive arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid vasculitis
Septic embolism
Takayasu's arteritis
Temporal arteritis
Traumatic - Sudden deceleration
Turner's syndrome
Wegener's granulomatosis

Causes Based Upon Inherited versus Sporadic versus Syndromic Basis

Sporadic Causes

Ankylosing spondylitis
Atherosclerosis
Bacterial infection, often following valvular endocarditis

Behcet's disease
Giant cell arteritis
Previous injury to the aorta such as an aortic dissection
Syphilis
Takayasu's arteritis
Traumatic - sudden deceleration

Familial Causes

Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Bicuspid aortic valve with post-stenotic dilation due to turbulence

Syndromic Causes

Marfan's syndrome: Aortic root dilation with or without associated aortic regurgitation occurs in 75%-80% of marfan's patients.
Loeys-Dietz syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Turner's syndrome

References

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@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 {|style="width:70%; height:100px" border="1"
 |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
-|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Atherosclerosis]], [[aortic dissection]], [[bacterial endocarditis]], [[bicuspid aortic valve]], [[systemic hypertension]]
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Aortic dissection]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[aortic valve replacement]], [[aortitis]], [[atherosclerosis]], [[bacterial endocarditis]], [[bicuspid aortic valve]], [[systemic hypertension]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Genetic'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections]], [[bicuspid aortic valve]], [[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arterial tortuosity syndrome]], [[bicuspid aortic valve]], [[Ehlers-Danlos syndrome]], [[familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections]], [[Loeys-Dietz syndrome]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Infectious Disease'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Syphilis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aortitis]], [[quaternary syphilis]], [[septic embolism]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Pulmonary'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
-|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[Behcet's disease]], [[giant cell arteritis]], [[Takayasu's arteritis]]
+|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Ankylosing spondylitis]], [[aortitis]], [[Behcet's disease]], [[giant cell arteritis]], [[reactive arthritis]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[rheumatoid vasculitis]], [[Takayasu's arteritis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
 |-
 |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"