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   Name          = Stye |
   Name          = Stye |
   Image          = Stye02.jpg|
   Image          = Stye02.jpg|
   Caption        = A regular stye on person's eye |
   Caption        = A regular stye on a person's eye. |
}}
}}


{{SI}}
{{SI}}


'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JH}}; {{Faizan}}
 
{{CMG}}


{{SK}} Hordeolum
{{SK}} Hordeolum
==Overview==
==Overview==
A stye is an infection of the [[sebaceous gland]]s at the base of the [[eyelash]]es.<ref>[http://www.goodhope.org.uk/Departments/eyedept/lidlumps.htm Eyelid lumps], on, inside or under the eye lid. Retrieved March 19 2007</ref> While they produce no lasting damage, they can be quite painful.
A stye (also known as a hordeolum) is a painful infection of the [[sebaceous gland]]s at the base of the [[eyelash]]es on, inside, or under the eyelid.<ref>[http://www.goodhope.org.uk/Departments/eyedept/lidlumps.htm Eyelid lumps] Retrieved March 19 2007</ref>. The infection may be internal or external. In many cases, a hordeolum may resolve without treatment; however, the inflammation may spread to other ocular glands or recur. <ref name="pmid23633345">{{cite journal| author=Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K| title=Interventions for acute internal hordeolum. | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | year= 2013 | volume= 4 | issue=  | pages= CD007742 | pmid=23633345 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub3 | pmc=PMC4261920 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23633345  }} </ref>


==Causes==
==Causes==
Styes are generally caused by a [[Staphylococcus aureus]] [[bacteria]] [[infection]] and are particularly common in infants, though people of any age may experience them. They can be triggered by stress, poor nutrition or lack of sleep.<ref name="urlVisionWeb">{{cite web |url=http://www.visionweb.com/content/consumers/dev_consumerarticles.jsp?RID=34 |title=VisionWeb |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
A stye is usually caused by ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''.<ref name="pmid23601478">{{cite journal| author=Deibel JP, Cowling K| title=Ocular inflammation and infection. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 387-97 | pmid=23601478 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23601478  }} </ref> They can be triggered by stress, poor nutrition or lack of sleep.<ref name="urlVisionWeb">{{cite web |url=http://www.visionweb.com/content/consumers/dev_consumerarticles.jsp?RID=34 |title=VisionWeb |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> A stye may be secondary to [[blepharitis]].


A stye can be secondary, caused by [[blepharitis]]. A blocked oil gland near the eye, a [[chalazion]], is often mistaken for a stye.<ref>[http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/styes.htm Styes], AllAboutVision.com. Retrieved August 20, 2006.</ref>
==Differential Diagnosis==
A stye must be differentiated from:<ref>{{Cite web | title = Stye | url =http://eyewiki.aao.org/Stye }}</ref>
*[[Xanthelasma]]
*[[Papilloma]]
*[[Cyst]]
*[[Pyogenic Granuloma]]
*[[Amyloid]] Deposition
 
==Risk Factors==
Common risk factors in the development of hordeola are:<ref>{{Cite web | title = Stye | url =http://eyewiki.aao.org/Stye }}</ref>
*Dry eyes
*Chronic [[blepharitis]]
 
==Epidemiology & Demographics==
Styes are particularly common in infants, though they may occur at any age.<ref name="pmid23601478">{{cite journal| author=Deibel JP, Cowling K| title=Ocular inflammation and infection. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 387-97 | pmid=23601478 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23601478  }} </ref>


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===History and Symptoms===
===History and Symptoms===
The first signs are tenderness, pain, and redness in the affected area. Later symptoms that arise include swelling, watering of the eye, sensitivity to light, and discomfort during blinking. A yellowish bump develops in the affected area.
The first signs are tenderness and redness in the affected area. Symptoms of a stye include:
*[[Swelling]]
*Watering of the eye  
*Sensitivity to light  
*Discomfort during blinking  
===Physical examination===
====Eyes====
*A localized and tender area with a pointing eruption may be seen in the affected area.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Stye | url =http://eyewiki.aao.org/Stye }}</ref>
*A yellowish bump may be noted.
====Lymph Nodes====
*Adjacent [[lymph nodes]] may be palpable.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Stye | url =http://eyewiki.aao.org/Stye }}</ref>
====Gallery====
======Head======
<gallery>
Image: Hordeoli_01.png| Hordeolum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12  With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=192}}</ref>
Image: Hordeoli_02.png| Hordeolum. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=12  With permission from Dermatology Atlas.]''<ref name="www.atlasdermatologico.com.br">{{Cite web | title = Dermatology Atlas | url = http://www.atlasdermatologico.com.br/disease.jsf?diseaseId=192}}</ref>
</gallery>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
===Medical Therapy===
Most styes will drain on their own though this may be accelerated with a hot or warm compress, or by pulling out the eyelash. Styes typically resolve within 1 week of treatment. While a stye is technically a [[pimple]] and can be popped, doing so is not recommended without technical expertise due to their proximity to the eye. Styes may also cause a bruising feeling around the eye which can be treated with a warm cloth.  Doctors recommend making a solution of diluted baby shampoo to apply to the eye, to clean the infection out.
Most cases of hordeolum resolve without treatment. Supportive therapy for hordeolum consists of warm compresses. Antimicrobial ophthalmic ointments may be administered<ref name="pmid23601478">{{cite journal| author=Deibel JP, Cowling K| title=Ocular inflammation and infection. | journal=Emerg Med Clin North Am | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 387-97 | pmid=23601478 | doi=10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.006 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23601478  }} </ref>.
 
Medical professionals will sometimes lance a particularly persistent or irritating stye with a needle, to accelerate its draining.<ref name="urlSty (Stye) Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What are sty symptoms and signs? on MedicineNet">{{cite web |url=http://www.medicinenet.com/sty/page2.htm#tocf |title=Sty (Stye) Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - What are sty symptoms and signs? on MedicineNet |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> A stye's spread or expansion can also be fought with the use of antibiotic ointment akin to Neosporin<ref name="urlEye Stye Treatment - How to Treat Eye Stye">{{cite web |url=http://www.cosmeticsdiary.com/eye-stye.htm |title=Eye Stye Treatment - How to Treat Eye Stye |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> (e.g. [[Erythromycin]] ophthalmic ointment), a special version being available for styes, which can be applied in a ribbon along the lid, on either inside or out. Medical professionals may also prescribe [[Amoxicillin]] for over a period of a week.
If a stye bursts care must be taken to cleanse the wound to prevent infection.
 
Contact lenses should never be worn during treatment for a stye. Eye makeup can be worn but is not recommended.


==Related Chapters==
* '''Hordeolum'''<ref>{{ Cite web | title = Managing Eye Infections in Older Adults. | url = http://journals.lww.com/infectdis/Citation/1998/12000/Managing_Eye_Infections_in_Older_Adults_.5.aspx }}</ref>
*[[Blepharitis]]
:* 1. '''External hordeolum, for a  single lesion'''
*[[Chalazion]]
::* Preferred regimen: Supportive therapy is sufficient. Application of warm compresses 4-6 times/day.
::* Note: Antibiotic therapy is questionable value for a single lesion and often not indicated.
:* 2. '''External hordeolum, for multiple/recurrent lesions'''
::* Preferred regimen (1): [[Bacitracin]] ophthalmic q8-24h
::* Preferred regimen (2): [[Erythromycin]] topical q4-6h
:* 3. '''Internal hordeolum'''
::* Preferred regimen: Warm compresses 4-6 times/day in conjugation with systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics
::* Note: If the lesion do not respond to this regimen, incision and drainage are indicated.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Eye pathology}}
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Optometry]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[ca:Urçol]]
[[de:Hordeolum]]
[[es:Orzuelo]]
[[fr:Orgelet (médecine)]]
[[it:Orzaiolo]]
[[lt:Miežis (liga)]]
[[nl:Hordeolum externum]]
[[ja:麦粒腫]]
[[pl:Jęczmień (choroba)]]
[[pt:Hordéolo]]
[[ru:Ячмень (заболевание)]]
[[sv:Vagel]]
[[th:ตากุ้งยิง]]
[[tr:Hordeolum]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 19:43, 28 September 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]; Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Hordeolum

Overview

A stye (also known as a hordeolum) is a painful infection of the sebaceous glands at the base of the eyelashes on, inside, or under the eyelid.[1]. The infection may be internal or external. In many cases, a hordeolum may resolve without treatment; however, the inflammation may spread to other ocular glands or recur. [2]

Causes

A stye is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus.[3] They can be triggered by stress, poor nutrition or lack of sleep.[4] A stye may be secondary to blepharitis.

Differential Diagnosis

A stye must be differentiated from:[5]

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of hordeola are:[6]

Epidemiology & Demographics

Styes are particularly common in infants, though they may occur at any age.[3]

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

The first signs are tenderness and redness in the affected area. Symptoms of a stye include:

  • Swelling
  • Watering of the eye
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Discomfort during blinking

Physical examination

Eyes

  • A localized and tender area with a pointing eruption may be seen in the affected area.[7]
  • A yellowish bump may be noted.

Lymph Nodes

Gallery

Head

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Most cases of hordeolum resolve without treatment. Supportive therapy for hordeolum consists of warm compresses. Antimicrobial ophthalmic ointments may be administered[3].

  • 1. External hordeolum, for a single lesion
  • Preferred regimen: Supportive therapy is sufficient. Application of warm compresses 4-6 times/day.
  • Note: Antibiotic therapy is questionable value for a single lesion and often not indicated.
  • 2. External hordeolum, for multiple/recurrent lesions
  • 3. Internal hordeolum
  • Preferred regimen: Warm compresses 4-6 times/day in conjugation with systemic antistaphylococcal antibiotics
  • Note: If the lesion do not respond to this regimen, incision and drainage are indicated.

References

  1. ↑ Eyelid lumps Retrieved March 19 2007
  2. ↑ Lindsley K, Nichols JJ, Dickersin K (2013). "Interventions for acute internal hordeolum". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4: CD007742. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub3. PMC 4261920. PMID 23633345.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Deibel JP, Cowling K (2013). "Ocular inflammation and infection". Emerg Med Clin North Am. 31 (2): 387–97. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.006. PMID 23601478.
  4. ↑ "VisionWeb".
  5. ↑ "Stye".
  6. ↑ "Stye".
  7. ↑ "Stye".
  8. ↑ "Stye".
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "Dermatology Atlas".
  10. ↑ "Managing Eye Infections in Older Adults".
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