Retinoblastoma epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of retinoblastoma in United States is approximately .43 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[2] Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[3] There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of retinoblastoma in United States is approximately .43 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 1.0 to 1.4 cases per 100,000 children(approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births).[4] In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases of retinoblastoma per year. Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18,000 to 30,000 live births worldwide.[5] 90% of the retinoblastoma cases are diagnosed before three years of age.
Age
The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[2] Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[3] However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic tumor, which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months.
Gender
Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[3]
Race
There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW (1998). "Presenting signs of retinoblastoma". J Pediatr. 132 (3 Pt 1): 505–8. PMID 9544909.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD (2009). "Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138750. PMID 18621794.
- ↑ Retinoblastoma. National Cancer institute(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/retinoblastoma/hp/retinoblastoma-treatment-pdq Accessed on October 2 2015
- ↑ Abramson DH, Schefler AC (2004). "Update on retinoblastoma". Retina. 24 (6): 828–48. PMID 15579980.
- ↑ Binder PS (1974). "Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma". Am J Ophthalmol. 77 (5): 674–9. PMID 4132770.
- ↑ Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl". Ann Ophthalmol. 15 (1): 88–91. PMID 6830100.
- ↑ Shields JA, Michelson JB, Leonard BC, Thompson R (1976). "Retinoblastoma in an eighteen-year-old male". J Pediatr Ophthalmol. 13 (5): 274–7. PMID [ 1018212 [ Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Shields CL, Shields JA, Shah P (1991). "Retinoblastoma in older children". Ophthalmology. 98 (3): 395–9. PMID 2023762.
- ↑ Takahashi T, Tamura S, Inoue M, Isayama Y, Sashikata T (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 26-year-old adult". Ophthalmology. 90 (2): 179–83. PMID 6856254.
- ↑ Biswas J (1997). "Unilateral retinoblastoma in an adult". Ophthalmology. 104 (11): 1728. PMID 9373097.
- ↑ Berkeley JS, Kalita BC (1977). "Retinoblastoma in an adult". Lancet. 2 (8036): 508–9. PMID [ 70718[ Check
|pmid=value (help).