Retinoblastoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Incidence | ==Incidence== | ||
The incidence of retinoblastoma in US is approximately 4.3 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.<ref name="SEER"> Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2 2015</ref> The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 10 to 14 cases per 1 million (approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births). Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18000 to 30000 live births worldwide.<ref name="pmid15579980">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Schefler AC| title=Update on retinoblastoma. | journal=Retina | year= 2004 | volume= 24 | issue= 6 | pages= 828-48 | pmid=15579980 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15579980 }} </ref> | |||
Thus, while the estimated annual incidence in the United States is approximately four cases per 1 million children younger than 15 years, | |||
The incidence of retinoblastoma is 1 in 12,000 to 30,000 live births. [6] In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases per year. The incidence in the US is relatively low at 3.58 cases per year per million children under 15 years of age. For many years, the reported median age at diagnosis has been 18 months, with the median age of diagnosis of bilateral cases occurring at 12 months and of unilateral cases at 24 months. [7] Recently, however, European investigators have questioned the basis on which these epidemiologic assumptions are made and have reported that the age at diagnosis of unilateral cases may be equal to that of bilateral cases. | |||
Here are some highlights listed by the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) about the incidence of retinoblastoma among children and adolescents.<ref> http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/retinoblastoma.pdf </ref> | Here are some highlights listed by the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) about the incidence of retinoblastoma among children and adolescents.<ref> http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/retinoblastoma.pdf </ref> | ||
Revision as of 18:30, 11 October 2015
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Incidence
The incidence of retinoblastoma in US is approximately 4.3 cases per 1000,000 children under 15 years of age.[1] The age-adjusted annual incidence in children aged 0 to 4 years is 10 to 14 cases per 1 million (approximately one in 14,000–18,000 live births). Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18000 to 30000 live births worldwide.[2]
Thus, while the estimated annual incidence in the United States is approximately four cases per 1 million children younger than 15 years, The incidence of retinoblastoma is 1 in 12,000 to 30,000 live births. [6] In the US, there are 250 to 350 new cases per year. The incidence in the US is relatively low at 3.58 cases per year per million children under 15 years of age. For many years, the reported median age at diagnosis has been 18 months, with the median age of diagnosis of bilateral cases occurring at 12 months and of unilateral cases at 24 months. [7] Recently, however, European investigators have questioned the basis on which these epidemiologic assumptions are made and have reported that the age at diagnosis of unilateral cases may be equal to that of bilateral cases. Here are some highlights listed by the SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results) about the incidence of retinoblastoma among children and adolescents.[3]
- Retinoblastoma accounted for approximately 11% of cancers developing in the first year of life,but for only 3% of the cancers developing among children younger than 15 years of age.
- In the US, approximately 300 children and adolescents younger than 20 years of age are diagnosed with retinoblastomas each year.
- The vast majority of cases of retinoblastoma occur among young children with almost two-thirds(63%) of retinoblastomas occuring before the age of two years and 95% occuring before the age of 5 years.
- The incidence of bilateral tumors was strongly age dependent with 42% of the retinoblastomas occuring in children less than one year of age being bilateral compared to 21% of those among children aged one year, and only 9% among older children.
- Rates of retinoblastoma were the same among males (3.7 per million) and females (4.0 per million) and also among whites (3.7 per million) and blacks (4.0 per million).
- There was no subsantial change in the retinoblastoma incidence during the 21 year period, 1975-95.
- It is estimated that 38.2% of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma will develop a secondary malignancy with an associated long-term mortality rate of 26%.
- Retinoblastoma presents with cumulative lifetime incidence rate of 1 case of retinoblastoma per 18000 to 30000 live births worldwide. A higher incidence is noted in developing countries, this has been implicated to lower socioeconomic status and the presence of human papilloma virus sequences in the retinoblastoma tissue.
- Almost 80% of children with retinoblastoma are diagnosed before 3 years of age and diagnosis in children above 6 years of age is extremely rare. In the UK, bilateral cases usually present within 14–16 months, while diagnosis of unilateral cases peaks between 24 and 30 months.
References
- ↑ Retinoblastoma. SEER(2015) http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2012/results_merged/sect_29_childhood_cancer_iccc.pdf#search=retinoblastoma Accessed on October 2 2015
- ↑ Abramson DH, Schefler AC (2004). "Update on retinoblastoma". Retina. 24 (6): 828–48. PMID 15579980.
- ↑ http://seer.cancer.gov/publications/childhood/retinoblastoma.pdf