Rash with fever: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
[[Rash]] with [[Fever]] can occur in patients of all ages. It is a common finding [[Fever and rash in children|in children]] as well as adults. In adults, it can occur due to multiple etiologies such as [[allergic reactions]], [[Immune disorders]], [[infections]], etc.<ref name="pmid30981291">{{cite journal| author=Muzumdar S, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM| title=The rash with maculopapules and fever in adults. | journal=Clin Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 109-118 | pmid=30981291 | doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30981291  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid23197907">{{cite journal| author=Tabak F, Murtezaoglu A, Tabak O, Ozaras R, Mete B, Kutlubay Z | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features and etiology of adult patients with Fever and rash. | journal=Ann Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 24 | issue= 4 | pages= 420-5 | pmid=23197907 | doi=10.5021/ad.2012.24.4.420 | pmc=3505772 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23197907  }} </ref>. The infectious agents often trigger rash by mode of a [[toxin]] or an [[Immune reaction|immunogenic reaction]] to the [[antigens]]. Infectious agents associated with fever with rash in adults can be [[Viruses|viral]] or [[Bacteria|bacterial]]. Some examples of such organisms are the [[Rubeola|Rubeola virus]], [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]]. Among allergic reactions, adverse drugs reactions are the ones most commonly associated with Rash with Fever. The clinical condition of the patient can range from mild flu-like symptoms in [[Lyme's disease]] to severe life-threatening situations such as [[Toxic shock syndrome]] caused by Staphylococcus aureus.     
[[Rash]] with [[Fever]] can occur in patients of all ages. [https://www.cdc.gov Centers for Disease Control and prevention(CDC)] defines a person to have a fever when "he or she has a measured temperature of 100.4° F (38° C) or greater, or feels warm to the touch, or gives a history of feeling feverish."  It is a common finding [[Fever and rash in children|in children]] as well as adults. In adults, it can occur due to multiple etiologies such as [[allergic reactions]], [[Immune disorders]], [[infections]], etc.<ref name="pmid30981291">{{cite journal| author=Muzumdar S, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM| title=The rash with maculopapules and fever in adults. | journal=Clin Dermatol | year= 2019 | volume= 37 | issue= 2 | pages= 109-118 | pmid=30981291 | doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.004 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30981291  }} </ref> <ref name="pmid23197907">{{cite journal| author=Tabak F, Murtezaoglu A, Tabak O, Ozaras R, Mete B, Kutlubay Z | display-authors=etal| title=Clinical features and etiology of adult patients with Fever and rash. | journal=Ann Dermatol | year= 2012 | volume= 24 | issue= 4 | pages= 420-5 | pmid=23197907 | doi=10.5021/ad.2012.24.4.420 | pmc=3505772 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23197907  }} </ref>. The infectious agents often trigger rash by mode of a [[toxin]] or an [[Immune reaction|immunogenic reaction]] to the [[antigens]]. Infectious agents associated with fever with rash in adults can be [[Viruses|viral]] or [[Bacteria|bacterial]]. Some examples of such organisms are the [[Rubeola|Rubeola virus]], [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Borrelia burgdorferi]]. Among allergic reactions, adverse drugs reactions are the ones most commonly associated with Rash with Fever. The clinical condition of the patient can range from mild flu-like symptoms in [[Lyme's disease]] to severe life-threatening situations such as [[Toxic shock syndrome]] caused by Staphylococcus aureus.     


==Causes==  
==Causes==  

Revision as of 12:46, 9 January 2021
Resident
Survival
Guide

Template:Search infobox Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Rash with Fever can occur in patients of all ages. Centers for Disease Control and prevention(CDC) defines a person to have a fever when "he or she has a measured temperature of 100.4° F (38° C) or greater, or feels warm to the touch, or gives a history of feeling feverish." It is a common finding in children as well as adults. In adults, it can occur due to multiple etiologies such as allergic reactions, Immune disorders, infections, etc.[1] [2]. The infectious agents often trigger rash by mode of a toxin or an immunogenic reaction to the antigens. Infectious agents associated with fever with rash in adults can be viral or bacterial. Some examples of such organisms are the Rubeola virus, Staphylococcus aureus, Borrelia burgdorferi. Among allergic reactions, adverse drugs reactions are the ones most commonly associated with Rash with Fever. The clinical condition of the patient can range from mild flu-like symptoms in Lyme's disease to severe life-threatening situations such as Toxic shock syndrome caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Causes

Life threatening causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.


Common causes


Less common causes


Causes by Organ system

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Drug eruptions; Steven Johnson syndrome
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Lymphoma
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Various viral and bacterial agents eg Zika, Dengue, Roseola, Typhoid, Parvovirus B19, Meningococci, Staphylococci
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Paraneoplastic syndrome
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy SLE; Adult-Onset Still's disease; Dermatomyositis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes


Causes in Alphabetical Order[3][4]

References

  1. ↑ Muzumdar S, Rothe MJ, Grant-Kels JM (2019). "The rash with maculopapules and fever in adults". Clin Dermatol. 37 (2): 109–118. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.12.004. PMID 30981291.
  2. ↑ Tabak F, Murtezaoglu A, Tabak O, Ozaras R, Mete B, Kutlubay Z; et al. (2012). "Clinical features and etiology of adult patients with Fever and rash". Ann Dermatol. 24 (4): 420–5. doi:10.5021/ad.2012.24.4.420. PMC 3505772. PMID 23197907.
  3. ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
  4. ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X


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