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<ref name="pmid28318599">{{cite journal| author=Zhu J, Zhu T, Lin Z, Qu Y, Mu D| title=Perinatal risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A meta-analysis. | journal=J Pediatr Surg | year= 2017 | volume= 52 | issue= 9 | pages= 1389-1397 | pmid=28318599 | doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28318599  }} </ref>__NOTOC__
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{{Pyloric stenosis}}
{{Pyloric stenosis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MMJ}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMJ}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
The most potent risk factors in the development of infantile pyloric stenosis are male gender, Caucasian race, bottle feeding, [[caesarean section]] delivery, first-born infant, [[preterm birth]]; and exposure to [[Macrolide|macrolides]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[Penicillin|penicillins]], and [[trimethoprim]]-sulphamethoxazole during [[pregnancy]].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
 
==Risk Factors==
* Parents who have had pyloric stenosis have a 10-20% chance of having a child who also has pyloric stenosis.
* In identical twins, if one develops this condition, 80-90% of the time the other twin will also develop pyloric stenosis
 
 


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
*The most potent risk factor in the development of pyloric stenosis is bottle-feed infant.<ref name="pmid28318599">{{cite journal| author=Zhu J, Zhu T, Lin Z, Qu Y, Mu D| title=Perinatal risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A meta-analysis. | journal=J Pediatr Surg | year= 2017 | volume= 52 | issue= 9 | pages= 1389-1397 | pmid=28318599 | doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28318599 }} </ref> Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
=== Risk Factors of infantile pyloric stenosis===
The most potent risk factor in the development of infantile pyloric stenosis is male gender. Other risk factors include bottle feeding, caucasian race, [[Caesarean section|cesarean section]] delivery, first born infant, preterm birth and exposure to [[Macrolide|macrolides]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[Penicillin|penicillins]] and [[trimethoprim]]-sulphamethoxazole during [[pregnancy|pregnancy.]]<ref name="pmid26905846">{{cite journal| author=Nordeng S, Nordeng H, Høye S| title=[Use of antibiotics during pregnancy]. | journal=Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen | year= 2016 | volume= 136 | issue= 4 | pages= 317-21 | pmid=26905846 | doi=10.4045/tidsskr.15.0451 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26905846 }} </ref>


*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
=== Common Risk Factors===
===Common Risk Factors===
Common risk factors for infantile pyloric stenosis include:<ref name="pmid19412365">{{cite journal| author=Yang G, Brisseau G, Yanchar NL| title=Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: An association in twins? | journal=Paediatr Child Health | year= 2008 | volume= 13 | issue= 5 | pages= 383-5 | pmid=19412365 | doi= | pmc=2532891 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19412365  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9373863">{{cite journal| author=Schechter R, Torfs CP, Bateson TF| title=The epidemiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. | journal=Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol | year= 1997 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 407-27 | pmid=9373863 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9373863  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22945411">{{cite journal| author=Krogh C, Biggar RJ, Fischer TK, Lindholm M, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M| title=Bottle-feeding and the Risk of Pyloric Stenosis. | journal=Pediatrics | year= 2012 | volume= 130 | issue= 4 | pages= e943-9 | pmid=22945411 | doi=10.1542/peds.2011-2785 | pmc=3457615 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22945411  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28318599">{{cite journal| author=Zhu J, Zhu T, Lin Z, Qu Y, Mu D| title=Perinatal risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A meta-analysis. | journal=J Pediatr Surg | year= 2017 | volume= 52 | issue= 9 | pages= 1389-1397 | pmid=28318599 | doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.017 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28318599 }} </ref>
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Male gender
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:<ref name="pmid28318599" />
*Caucasian race
**[[Caesarean section|Cesarean section]] delivery
*Bottle feeding
**First-born infant
*[[Caesarean section|Cesarean section]] delivery
**Preterm birth
**Exposure to macrolides, nitrofurantoin, penicillins and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole<ref name="pmid26905846">{{cite journal| author=Nordeng S, Nordeng H, Høye S| title=[Use of antibiotics during pregnancy]. | journal=Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen | year= 2016 | volume= 136 | issue= 4 | pages= 317-21 | pmid=26905846 | doi=10.4045/tidsskr.15.0451 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26905846 }} </ref>


=== Less Common Risk Factors ===
Less common risk factors in the development of infantile pyloric stenosis include:<ref name="pmid26905846" /><ref name="pmid28318599" />
* First-born infant
*[[Premature birth|Preterm birth]]
*Exposure to drugs during [[pregnancy]]
**[[Macrolides]]
**[[Nitrofurantoin]]
**[[Penicillin|penicillins]]
**[[Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole|Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole]]
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 16:42, 11 December 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

The most potent risk factors in the development of infantile pyloric stenosis are male gender, Caucasian race, bottle feeding, caesarean section delivery, first-born infant, preterm birth; and exposure to macrolides, nitrofurantoin, penicillins, and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole during pregnancy.

Risk Factors

Risk Factors of infantile pyloric stenosis

The most potent risk factor in the development of infantile pyloric stenosis is male gender. Other risk factors include bottle feeding, caucasian race, cesarean section delivery, first born infant, preterm birth and exposure to macrolides, nitrofurantoin, penicillins and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole during pregnancy.[1]

Common Risk Factors

Common risk factors for infantile pyloric stenosis include:[2][3][4][5]

Less Common Risk Factors

Less common risk factors in the development of infantile pyloric stenosis include:[1][5]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Nordeng S, Nordeng H, Høye S (2016). "[Use of antibiotics during pregnancy]". Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 136 (4): 317–21. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.15.0451. PMID 26905846.
  2. Yang G, Brisseau G, Yanchar NL (2008). "Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: An association in twins?". Paediatr Child Health. 13 (5): 383–5. PMC 2532891. PMID 19412365.
  3. Schechter R, Torfs CP, Bateson TF (1997). "The epidemiology of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis". Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 11 (4): 407–27. PMID 9373863.
  4. Krogh C, Biggar RJ, Fischer TK, Lindholm M, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M (2012). "Bottle-feeding and the Risk of Pyloric Stenosis". Pediatrics. 130 (4): e943–9. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-2785. PMC 3457615. PMID 22945411.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Zhu J, Zhu T, Lin Z, Qu Y, Mu D (2017). "Perinatal risk factors for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: A meta-analysis". J Pediatr Surg. 52 (9): 1389–1397. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2017.02.017. PMID 28318599.


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