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__NOTOC__
{{Oral cancer}}
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Infobox_Disease |
Name = Oral cancer |
DiseasesDB = 9288 |
ICD10 = {{ICD10|C|00||c|00}}-{{ICD10|C|06||c|00}} |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|140}}-{{ICD9|146}} |
ICDO = |
OMIM = |
MedlinePlus = |
MeshID = D009959 |
}}
{{Oral cancer}}
{{CMG}}
__NOTOC__
{{Editor Help}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSW}}, {{MJM}}, {{Simrat}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}}
{{SK}} Squamous cell carcinoma of mouth; Oral carcinoma; Carcinoma-in-situ of oral mucosa; Verrucous carcinoma of oral cavity
==[[Oral cancer overview|Overview]]==
==[[Oral cancer overview|Overview]]==


==[[Oral cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Oral cancer historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
==[[Oral cancer classification|Classification]]==


==[[Oral cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Oral cancer pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


==[[Oral cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]==
==[[Oral cancer causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Oral cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Oral cancer from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Oral cancer epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


==[[Oral cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Oral cancer risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
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==[[Oral cancer screening|Screening]]==
==[[Oral cancer screening|Screening]]==


==[[Oral cancer causes|Causes]]==
==[[Oral cancer natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
 
==[[Oral cancer differential diagnosis|Differentiating Oral cancer]]==
 
==[[Oral cancer natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
[[Oral cancer history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Oral cancer physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Oral cancer staging|Staging]] | [[Oral cancer laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Oral cancer electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Oral cancer x ray|X Rays]] | [[Oral cancer CT|CT]] | [[Oral cancer MRI|MRI]] [[Oral cancer echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Oral cancer other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Oral cancer other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]]
[[Oral cancer history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Oral cancer physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Oral cancer laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Oral cancer x ray|X Ray]] | [[Oral cancer CT|CT]] | [[Oral cancer MRI|MRI]] | [[Oral cancer other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Oral cancer other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] | [[Oral cancer Staging|Staging]]


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
[[Oral cancer medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Oral cancer surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Oral cancer primary prevention|Primary prevention]]  | [[Oral cancer secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Oral cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Oral cancer future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]]
[[Oral cancer medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Oral cancer surgery|Surgery]] | [[Oral cancer primary prevention|Primary Prevention]]  | [[Oral cancer secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Oral cancer cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Oral cancer future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


==Signs and tests==
==Case Studies==
An examination of the mouth by the health care provider or dentist shows a visible and/or palpable (can be felt) [[lesion]] of the lip, tongue, or other mouth area. As the [[tumor]] enlarges, it may become an [[ulcer]] and bleed. Speech/talking difficulties, chewing problems, or swallowing difficulties may develop, particularly if the cancer is on the tongue.
[[Oral cancer case study one|Case#1]]


While a dentist, physician or other medical professional may suspect a particular lesion is malignant, the only definitive method for determining this is through biopsy and microscopic evaluation of the cells in the removed sample. A tissue [[biopsy]], whether of the tongue or other oral tissues, and microscopic examination of the lesion confirm the diagnosis of oral cancer.
{{Tumors}}
 
==Treatment==
Surgical excision (removal) of the tumor is usually recommended if the tumor is small enough, and if surgery is likely to result in a functionally satisfactory result. [[Radiation therapy]] is often used in conjunction with surgery, or as the definitive radical treatment, especially if the tumour is inoperable.
 
Owing to the vital nature of the structures in the head and neck area, surgery for larger cancers is technically demanding. Reconstructive surgery may be required to give an acceptable cosmetic and functional result. [[Bone graft]]s and surgical flaps such as the radial forearm flap are used to help rebuild the structures removed during excision of the cancer.
 
Survival rates for oral cancer depend on the precise site, and the stage of the cancer at diagnosis. Overall, survival is around 50% at five years when all stages of initial diagnosis are considered. Survival rates for stage 1 cancers are 90%, hence the emphasis on early detection to increase survival outcome for patients.
 
Following treatment, [[Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation|rehabilitation]] may be necessary to improve movement, chewing, swallowing, and speech.
[[Speech therapy|Speech therapists]] may be involved at this stage.
 
[[Chemotherapy]] is useful in oral cancers when used in combination with outher treatment modalities such a radiation therapy. It is seldmom used alone as a monotherapy. When cure is unlikely it can also be used to extend life and can be consider palliative but not curative care.  Biological agents, such as Cetuximab have recently been shown to be effective in the treatment of squamous cell head and neck cancers, and are likely to have an increasing role in the future management of this condition when used in conjuction with other treatments.
 
Treatment of oral cancer will usually be by be a multidisciplinary team, with treatment professionals from the realms of radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, nutrition, dental professionals, and even psychology all possibly involved with diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and patient care.
 
==Complications==
* Postoperative disfigurement of the face, head and neck
* Complications of radiation therapy, including dry mouth and difficulty swallowing
* Other [[metastasis]] (spread) of the cancer


==External links==
* [http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org US oral/mouth cancer foundation, with survivor/patient interactive support group, and hundreds of pages of peer reviewed information]
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001035.htm NIH site on oral cancer]
* [http://www.mouthcancerfoundation.org Mouth Cancer Foundation information site and online support group] in the UK
*[http://www.oralcancerawareness.org a website with lots of information and photographs on mouth cancer especially in India]
* [http://www.cancerhelp.org.uk/help/default.asp?page=13021 Cancer Help UK]
* [http://www.headandneckcancer.co.uk Liverpool based centre with international reputation in the treatment of oral and oro-pharyngeal cancer]
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{{Tumors}}
{{SIB}}
[[de:Mundhöhlenkarzinom]]
[[ms:Barah mulut]]
[[nl:Mondkanker]]
[[new:ओरल क्यान्सर]]
[[fi:Suusyöpä]]
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Mature chapter]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 17:53, 4 April 2019

Oral cancer Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[2], Michael Maddaleni, B.S., Simrat Sarai, M.D. [3]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[4]

Synonyms and keywords: Squamous cell carcinoma of mouth; Oral carcinoma; Carcinoma-in-situ of oral mucosa; Verrucous carcinoma of oral cavity

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Oral cancer from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | X Ray | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Staging

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case#1

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