Nasopharyngeal carcinoma natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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*[[Hoarseness]] and speaking inability
*[[Hoarseness]] and speaking inability
*[[Metastasis]]
*[[Metastasis]]
Potential complications of [[radiotherapy]] include:<ref>{{Cite journal
Complications of [[radiotherapy]] include:<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[A. W. Lee]], [[S. C. Law]], [[S. H. Ng]], [[D. K. Chan]], [[Y. F. Poon]], [[W. Foo]], [[S. Y. Tung]], [[F. K. Cheung]] & [[J. H. Ho]]
  | author = [[A. W. Lee]], [[S. C. Law]], [[S. H. Ng]], [[D. K. Chan]], [[Y. F. Poon]], [[W. Foo]], [[S. Y. Tung]], [[F. K. Cheung]] & [[J. H. Ho]]
  | title = Retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976-1985: late complications following megavoltage irradiation
  | title = Retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976-1985: late complications following megavoltage irradiation
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**[[Atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]]
**[[Atrophy]] and fibrosis of the [[muscles of mastication]]
**Atrophy of salivary glands
**Atrophy of salivary glands
**Otologic deficiencies
**Hearing loss
**Osteoradionecrosis
**Osteoradionecrosis
Complications chemotherapy:<ref name="MouldTai2002">{{cite journal|last1=Mould|first1=R F|last2=Tai|first2=T H P|title=Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: treatments and outcomes in the 20th century|journal=The British Journal of Radiology|volume=75|issue=892|year=2002|pages=307–339|issn=0007-1285|doi=10.1259/bjr.75.892.750307}}</ref>
* Suppression of bone marrow
* Hearing loss
* Renal impairment


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 65%.<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref> Prognosis is influenced by tumor type:<ref name="bbb">Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma</ref>
Prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is influenced by tumor type:<ref name="Weidner's">{{cite book |author=Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor) |title=Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set) |publisher=W B Saunders |location=London |year= |pages= |isbn=0-7216-7253-1 |oclc= |doi=}}</ref><ref name="bbb">Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma</ref>
*Type I: Keratinizing [[squamous]] cell carcinoma - 42% 5 year survival
*Type I: Keratinizing [[squamous]] cell carcinoma - 42% 5 year survival
*Type II: Non-keratinizing squamous cell [[carcinoma]] - 65% 5 year survival
*Type II: Non-keratinizing squamous cell [[carcinoma]] - 65% 5 year survival

Revision as of 15:33, 16 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Homa Najafi, M.D.[2]Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [3]

Overview

If left untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces few symptoms early in the course of the disease. Non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 65%. The common complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include airway obstruction, dysphagia and disfigurement of the neck or face.

Natural History

  • If left untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma produces few symptoms early in its course.
  • Once the tumor has expanded from its site of origin in the lateral wall of the nasopharynx, it may obstruct the nasal passages and cause nasal discharge or epistaxis.

Complications

Complications of nasopharyngeal carcinoma include:

Complications of radiotherapy include:[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Complications chemotherapy:[7]

  • Suppression of bone marrow
  • Hearing loss
  • Renal impairment

Prognosis

Prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is influenced by tumor type:[8][9]

  • Type I: Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma - 42% 5 year survival
  • Type II: Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma - 65% 5 year survival
  • Type III: Undifferentiated carcinoma - 14% 5 year survival

References

  1. ↑ A. W. Lee, S. C. Law, S. H. Ng, D. K. Chan, Y. F. Poon, W. Foo, S. Y. Tung, F. K. Cheung & J. H. Ho (1992). "Retrospective analysis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976-1985: late complications following megavoltage irradiation". The British journal of radiology. 65 (778): 918–928. doi:10.1259/0007-1285-65-778-918. PMID 1422667. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ A. W. Lee, S. H. Ng, J. H. Ho, V. K. Tse, Y. F. Poon, C. C. Tse, G. K. Au, S. K. O, W. H. Lau & W. W. Foo (1988). "Clinical diagnosis of late temporal lobe necrosis following radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma". Cancer. 61 (8): 1535–1542. PMID 3349419. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ A. W. Lee, W. Foo, R. Chappell, J. F. Fowler, W. M. Sze, Y. F. Poon, S. C. Law, S. H. Ng, S. K. O, S. Y. Tung, W. H. Lau & J. H. Ho (1998). "Effect of time, dose, and fractionation on temporal lobe necrosis following radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma". International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 40 (1): 35–42. PMID 9422555. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Anne W. M. Lee, Dora L. W. Kwong, Sing Fai Leung, Stewart Y. Tung, Wai Man Sze, Jonathan S. T. Sham, Peter M. L. Teo, To Wai Leung, Po Man Wu, Rick Chappell, Lester J. Peters & John F. Fowler (2002). "Factors affecting risk of symptomatic temporal lobe necrosis: significance of fractional dose and treatment time". International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 53 (1): 75–85. PMID 12007944. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ J. Chong, L. K. Hinckley & L. E. Ginsberg (2000). "Masticator space abnormalities associated with mandibular osteoradionecrosis: MR and CT findings in five patients". AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology. 21 (1): 175–178. PMID 10669246. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  6. ↑ Chong, V.F.H.; Ong, C.K. (2008). "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma". European Journal of Radiology. 66 (3): 437–447. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.03.029. ISSN 0720-048X.
  7. ↑ Mould, R F; Tai, T H P (2002). "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: treatments and outcomes in the 20th century". The British Journal of Radiology. 75 (892): 307–339. doi:10.1259/bjr.75.892.750307. ISSN 0007-1285.
  8. ↑ Richard Cote, Saul Suster, Lawrence Weiss, Noel Weidner (Editor). Modern Surgical Pathology (2 Volume Set). London: W B Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-7253-1.
  9. ↑ Treatment and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/nasopharyngeal-carcinoma

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