Mucormycosis history and symptoms
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Mucormycosis Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]
Overview
History
Obtaining history is an important factor in making a diagnosis of mucormycosis since the signs and symptoms may be non-specific and mimic other conditions with similar presentations. Most mucormycosis infections are life-threatening, and develop in the presence of other risk factors such as diabetic ketoacidosis and neutropenia. Severe infection of the facial sinuses, which may extend into the brain, is the most common presentation. Pulmonary, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal (GI) infections are also recognized.
Common Symptoms[1]
Symptoms of rhinocerebral mucormycosis include:
- Eyes that swell and stick out (protrude)
- Dark scabbing in nasal cavities
- Fever
- Headache
- Mental status changes
- Redness of skin above sinuses
- Sinus pain or congestion
Symptoms of lung (pulmonary) mucormycosis include:
- Cough
- Hemoptysis
- Fever
- Shortness of breath
Symptoms of gastrointestinal mucormycosis include:
- Abdominal pain
- Blood in the stools
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting blood
- Inability to pass stools
Symptoms of kidney (renal) mucormycosis include:
- Fever
- Pain in the upper abdomen or back
- Hemeturia
Symptoms of skin (cutaneous) mucormycosis include:
- A single, painful, hardened area of skin that may have a blackened center
Less Common Symptoms
Mucormycosis may present with atypical features and patient may have atypical signs and symptoms which include the following:
- Maxillary necrosis (The infection begins in the nose and paranasal sinuses due to inhalation of fungal spores. The infection can spread to orbital and intracranial structures either by angioinvasion. The fungus invades the arteries leading to thrombosis and occlusion that subsequently causes necrosis of bone and soft tissues)[2]
- Ophthalmoplegia (If there is invasion of the cavernous sinus by rhinocerebral disease)[3]
- Seizures
- Paralysis (Secondary to intracranial hemorrhage causes by cerebral invasion)[4]
- Rhinorrhea
- Cephalea
- Palpebral edema
- Facial edema
- ↑ "Symptoms of Mucormycosis | Mucormycosis | CDC".
- ↑ Auluck A (2007). "Maxillary necrosis by mucormycosis. a case report and literature review". Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 12 (5): E360–4. PMID 17767099.
- ↑ Van Johnson E, Kline LB, Julian BA, Garcia JH (1988). "Bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis due to mucormycosis". Arch. Ophthalmol. 106 (8): 1089–92. PMID 3401136.
- ↑ Munoz J, Hughes A, Guo Y (2013). "Mucormycosis-associated intracranial hemorrhage". Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis. 24 (1): 100–1. doi:10.1097/MBC.0b013e32835a72df. PMID 23103724.