Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection chest x ray
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory illness. It is caused by an emerging coronavirus, specifically a betacoronavirus called MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), first discovered in 2012. Being a relatively novel virus, there is no virus-specific prevention or treatment options for MERS patients. Attending to the fact that a vaccine hasn't been developed yet, enhancing infection prevention and control measures is critical to prevent the possible spread of MERS-CoV in hospitals and communities. Persons with symptoms suspicious of MERS-CoV infection need medical evaluation. According to the CDC, a confirmed case of MERS-CoV infection is considered an individual who shows laboratory confirmation of infection by MERS-CoV. This last one is given by a positive PCR test of ≥2 specific genomic targets or, a single positive target followed by successful sequencing of a second. On the contrary, a probable case of MERS-CoV infection, is considered an individual under investigation who has missing or inconclusive laboratory test results for the infection and that has been in close contact with another individual who is a "laboratory-confirmed case" of MERS-CoV infection. In MERS-CoV infection, chest radiograph typically shows alveolar changes ranging from unilateral lobar infiltration to bilateral diffuse involvement consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).[1][2][3]
Chest X Ray
MERS-CoV infection causes atypical pneumonia characterized by diffuse alveolar damage with the potential to progress to ARDS.[4] Chest X ray findings may range from focal to extensive abnormalities including:[5][6][7][8]
- Basal pleural thickening
- Bronchial wall thickening
- Pulmonary consolidation
- Increased bronchovascular markings
- Interstitial changes
- Patchy infiltrates
- Pleural effusions
- Reticulo-nodular airspace opacities
- Total opacification of lung segments and lobes
References
- ↑ Dyall J, Coleman CM, Hart BJ, Venkataraman T, Holbrook MR, Kindrachuk J; et al. (2014). "Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus Infection". Antimicrob Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.03036-14. PMID 24841273.
- ↑ "Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infections when novel coronavirus is suspected: What to do and what not to do" (PDF).
- ↑ "MERS Prevention and Treatment".
- ↑ Arabi, Yaseen M (2014-03-18). "Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection". Annals of internal medicine. 160 (6): 389–397. doi:10.7326/M13-2486. ISSN 1539-3704. PMID 24474051. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ Assiri, Abdullah (2013-09). "Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study". The Lancet infectious diseases. 13 (9): 752–761. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4. ISSN 1474-4457. PMID 23891402. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ↑ Ajlan, Amr M.; Ahyad, Rayan A.; Jamjoom, Lamia Ghazi; Alharthy, Ahmed; Madani, Tariq A. (2014). "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection: Chest CT Findings". American Journal of Roentgenology: 1–6. doi:10.2214/AJR.14.13021. ISSN 0361-803X.
- ↑ Assiri, Abdullah; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Al-Rabeeah, Abdullah A; Al-Rabiah, Fahad A; Al-Hajjar, Sami; Al-Barrak, Ali; Flemban, Hesham; Al-Nassir, Wafa N; Balkhy, Hanan H; Al-Hakeem, Rafat F; Makhdoom, Hatem Q; Zumla, Alimuddin I; Memish, Ziad A (2013). "Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 13 (9): 752–761. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70204-4. ISSN 1473-3099.
- ↑ Arabi, Yaseen M.; Arifi, Ahmed A.; Balkhy, Hanan H.; Najm, Hani; Aldawood, Abdulaziz S.; Ghabashi, Alaa; Hawa, Hassan; Alothman, Adel; Khaldi, Abdulaziz; Al Raiy, Basel (2014). "Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection". Annals of Internal Medicine. 160 (6): 389–397. doi:10.7326/M13-2486. ISSN 0003-4819.