Marburg hemorrhagic fever natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Case fatality rates in Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have ranged from 23% to 90%.

Natural History

• Humans and nonhuman primates are susceptible to filovirus infection and are considered to be end hosts.
• Surveys to identify animal reservoirs and arthropod vectors have been aggressively undertaken in endemic areas, particularly after most large filovirus outbreaks.
• If left untreated symptoms of marburg hemorrhagic fever become increasingly severe and can include jaundice, inflammation of the pancreas, severe weight loss, delirium, shock, liver failure, massive hemorrhage, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Because many of the signs and symptoms of Marburg hemorrhagic fever are similar to those of other infectious diseases such as malaria or typhoid fever, clinical diagnosis of the disease can be difficult, especially if only a single case is involved.

Complications

Common complications of marburg hemorrhagic fever include:

• Orchitis
• Transverse myelitis
• Parotitis
• Pancreatic hemorrhage
• Chronic hepatitis

Prognosis

• Prognosis of marburg hemorrhagic fever is generally poor.
• Case fatality rates in Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreaks have ranged from 23% to 90%.
• Both Acute kidney injury and higher viral load are associated with adverse outcome and increased mortality.
• Younger children (<5 years of age) and adults over 40 years of age have a higher mortality rate compared with adolescents and younger adults.