Lymphangioma natural history: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Badria Munir (talk | contribs) |
|||
| (9 intermediate revisions by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Lymphangioma}} | {{Lymphangioma}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{HL}} | {{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Badria}} {{HL}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Most of the patients with lymphangioma will develop a cervico-facial mass that often grows in proportion to the patient’s body growth rate. The mass usually recurs after [[surgical]] interventions. Common complications of lymphangioma include [[esophageal]] obstruction, [[upper respiratory tract]] obstruction, [[infection]]s, and compression of adjacent tissues such as [[nerves]] and [[blood vessel]]s. Prognosis of lymphangioma is generally excellent. | Most of the patients with lymphangioma will develop a cervico-facial mass that often grows in proportion to the patient’s body growth rate. The mass usually recurs after [[surgical]] interventions. Common complications of lymphangioma include [[esophageal]] obstruction, [[upper respiratory tract]] obstruction, [[infection]]s, and compression of adjacent tissues such as [[nerves]] and [[blood vessel]]s. Prognosis of lymphangioma is generally excellent. | ||
==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ==Natural History, Complications and Prognosis== | ||
===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
Lymphangiomas have slower rate of progression. | [[Lymphangioma|Lymphangiomas]] have slower rate of progression. These [[malformations]] continue to grow as with the growth of patient.<ref name="pmid26055853">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wassef M, Blei F, Adams D, Alomari A, Baselga E, Berenstein A, Burrows P, Frieden IJ, Garzon MC, Lopez-Gutierrez JC, Lord DJ, Mitchel S, Powell J, Prendiville J, Vikkula M |title=Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies |journal=Pediatrics |volume=136 |issue=1 |pages=e203–14 |date=July 2015 |pmid=26055853 |doi=10.1542/peds.2014-3673 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*These are | *These are present on birth and may not be evident until the age of 5 years. | ||
*If left untreated lymphangiomas can either progress into large swellings or they can resolve spontaneously. | *Initially they grow as soft, [[cystic]], [[translucent]] [[swelling]] in head and neck region, but it is commonly found in extremities. Some cases are reported in the internal organs such as [[pancreas]] and [[stomach]] as well.<ref name="pmid29046074">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jayappa SN, Rao P, Tandon AS, Bharathy K, Sikora SS |title=Large cystic lympangioma of the pancreas: a case reportum |journal=Ann R Coll Surg Engl |volume=100 |issue=1 |pages=e12–e14 |date=January 2018 |pmid=29046074 |doi=10.1308/rcsann.2017.0178 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*If the continue to progress, they cause overgrowth and swelling of tissue involved, such as tongue, | *The presence of [[lymphangiomas]] and soft tissues and [[bone]] is not unusual and this form of [[disease]] has been termed as [[lymphangiomatosis]]. | ||
*If left untreated [[lymphangiomas]] can either progress into large swellings or they can resolve spontaneously.<ref name="patho">Lymphangioma. PathologyOutlines (2016) http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissuelymphangiomacystic.html Accessed on March 5, 2016</ref> | |||
*If the continue to progress, they cause overgrowth and [[swelling]] of [[tissue]] involved, such as [[Tongue|tongue,]] [[jaw]]<nowiki/>s, [[cheeks]], [[neck]], [[Arm|arms]], [[Finger|fingers]] and [[Toe|toes]].<ref name="pmid10707725">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kocher HM, Vijaykumar T, Koti RS, Bapat RD |title=Lymphangioma of the chest wall |journal=J Postgrad Med |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=89–90 |date=1995 |pmid=10707725 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Clinical picture may vary from person to person because certain events such as puberty, infection, trauma and bleeding into lymphatic malformation can trigger rapid growth. | *Clinical picture may vary from person to person because certain events such as puberty, infection, trauma and bleeding into lymphatic malformation can trigger rapid growth. | ||
*Overgrowth can subsequently cause compressive effects on surrounding [[tissues]], such as [[dyspnea]] due to compression on [[trachea]], or [[dysphagia]] due to compression on [[esophagus]] and [[diplopia]] due if [[eye socket]] is involved.<ref name="pmid18667296">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dhrif AS, El Euch D, Daghfous M, Cherif F, Mokni M, Dhahri AB |title=[Macrocystic lymphatic lymphangioma (cystic lymphangioma) of the upper extremity: a case report] |language=French |journal=Arch Pediatr |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=1416–9 |date=September 2008 |pmid=18667296 |doi=10.1016/j.arcped.2008.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9527122">{{cite journal |vauthors=Selz PA, Arjmand EM |title=Laryngeal lymphangioma: a case report of an uncommon entity |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=118 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=382–4 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9527122 |doi=10.1016/S0194-59989870320-1 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Rarely do cutaneous lymphangiomas interfere with the well-being of patients. Patients are expected to live a full healthy life, and they usually seek medical intervention because of cosmetic reason. | *Rarely do cutaneous lymphangiomas interfere with the well-being of patients. Patients are expected to live a full healthy life, and they usually seek medical intervention because of cosmetic reason. | ||
*The signs and symptoms of lymphangioma vary depending on the type, size and location of the mass. | *The signs and symptoms of lymphangioma vary depending on the type, size and location of the mass.<ref name="patho2" /> | ||
Cystic hygroma, which is also known as cystic lymphangioma or macrocystic lymphatic malformation, is a red or bluish swelling of the skin | |||
It consists of tiny, fluid-filled spaces and ranges in color from clear to pink, dark red, brown or black. | * [[Cystic hygroma]], which is also known as [[cystic lymphangioma]] or macrocystic [[lymphatic malformation]], is a red or bluish [[swelling]] of the [[skin]] the [[neck]], [[axilla]] or groin region that consists of large, fluid-filled spaces. Some say it is a type of cavernous lymphangioma. | ||
* It consists of tiny, fluid-filled spaces and ranges in color from clear to pink, dark red, brown or black. | |||
===Complications=== | ===Complications:=== | ||
Common [[complications]] of [[lymphangiomas]] are primarily associated to the location of lesion.<ref name="pmid10712360">{{cite journal |vauthors=Faul JL, Berry GJ, Colby TV, Ruoss SJ, Walter MB, Rosen GD, Raffin TA |title=Thoracic lymphangiomas, lymphangiectasis, lymphangiomatosis, and lymphatic dysplasia syndrome |journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. |volume=161 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=1037–46 |date=March 2000 |pmid=10712360 |doi=10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9904056 |url=}}</ref> | |||
Growth of lesion causes compressive effects on surrounding tissues. Which include following:<ref name="pmid4537032">{{cite journal |vauthors=Runyon BA, Forker EL, Sopko JA |title=Pleural-fluid kinetics in a patient with primary lymphedema, pleural effusions, and yellow nails |journal=Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. |volume=119 |issue=5 |pages=821–5 |date=May 1979 |pmid=453703 |doi=10.1164/arrd.1979.119.5.821 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Dyspnea]]: Trachea<ref name="pmid8444562" /> | |||
*[[Dysphagia]]: Esophagous<ref name="pmid40657002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Duhra PM, Quigley EM, Marsh MN |title=Chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia and the 'yellow-nail' syndrome |journal=Gut |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1266–9 |date=November 1985 |pmid=4065700 |pmc=1432907 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Constipation]]: Gastrointestinal tract<ref name="pmid4065700">{{cite journal |vauthors=Duhra PM, Quigley EM, Marsh MN |title=Chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia and the 'yellow-nail' syndrome |journal=Gut |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=1266–9 |date=November 1985 |pmid=4065700 |pmc=1432907 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Diplopia]] and [[proptosis]]: Retro-orbital tissue of [[eye]]<ref name="pmid453703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Runyon BA, Forker EL, Sopko JA |title=Pleural-fluid kinetics in a patient with primary lymphedema, pleural effusions, and yellow nails |journal=Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. |volume=119 |issue=5 |pages=821–5 |date=May 1979 |pmid=453703 |doi=10.1164/arrd.1979.119.5.821 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Wheeze]]: Lower Respiratory tract<ref name="pmid8977864">{{cite journal |vauthors=Papsin BC, Evans JN |title=Isolated laryngeal lymphangioma: a rare cause of airway obstruction in infants |journal=J Laryngol Otol |volume=110 |issue=10 |pages=969–72 |date=October 1996 |pmid=8977864 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Chest pain|Chest Pain]]: Mediastinum | |||
*[[Shortness of breath|Shortness of breadth]]: [[Lung|Lungs]]<ref name="pmid8444562">{{cite journal |vauthors=Williams WT, Cole RR |title=Lymphangioma presenting as congenital stridor |journal=Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=185–91 |date=March 1993 |pmid=8444562 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Bladder Obstruction: [[Urinary tract]] | |||
*Bone loss or overgrowth: Skeletal tissue<ref name="pmid9473098">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ogita S, Deguchi E, Tokiwa K, Iwata J, Kubota Y, Iwai N |title=Ongoing osteolysis in patients with lymphangioma |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=45–8 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9473098 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
*[[Inflammation]] or [[bleeding]] into the lesion | |||
*Recurrent [[Cellulitis]]:Visible deformity<ref name="pmid14395215">{{cite journal |vauthors=MANN TP |title=Hemihypertrophy left side of body; congenital lymphatic oedema of left arm; radiological enlargement of heart shadow |journal=Proc. R. Soc. Med. |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=330–1 |date=May 1955 |pmid=14395215 |pmc=1918895 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
===Prognosis=== | ===Prognosis=== | ||
Prognosis of lymphangioma is generally excellent after surgical intervention. | Prognosis of [[lymphangioma]] is generally excellent after surgical intervention. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:27, 18 January 2019
|
Lymphangioma Microchapters |
|
Diagnosis |
|---|
|
Treatment |
|
Case Studies |
|
Lymphangioma natural history On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Lymphangioma natural history |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Lymphangioma natural history |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Badria Munir M.B.B.S.[2] Haytham Allaham, M.D. [3]
Overview
Most of the patients with lymphangioma will develop a cervico-facial mass that often grows in proportion to the patient’s body growth rate. The mass usually recurs after surgical interventions. Common complications of lymphangioma include esophageal obstruction, upper respiratory tract obstruction, infections, and compression of adjacent tissues such as nerves and blood vessels. Prognosis of lymphangioma is generally excellent.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Natural History
Lymphangiomas have slower rate of progression. These malformations continue to grow as with the growth of patient.[1]
- These are present on birth and may not be evident until the age of 5 years.
- Initially they grow as soft, cystic, translucent swelling in head and neck region, but it is commonly found in extremities. Some cases are reported in the internal organs such as pancreas and stomach as well.[2]
- The presence of lymphangiomas and soft tissues and bone is not unusual and this form of disease has been termed as lymphangiomatosis.
- If left untreated lymphangiomas can either progress into large swellings or they can resolve spontaneously.[3]
- If the continue to progress, they cause overgrowth and swelling of tissue involved, such as tongue, jaws, cheeks, neck, arms, fingers and toes.[4]
- Clinical picture may vary from person to person because certain events such as puberty, infection, trauma and bleeding into lymphatic malformation can trigger rapid growth.
- Overgrowth can subsequently cause compressive effects on surrounding tissues, such as dyspnea due to compression on trachea, or dysphagia due to compression on esophagus and diplopia due if eye socket is involved.[5][6]
- Rarely do cutaneous lymphangiomas interfere with the well-being of patients. Patients are expected to live a full healthy life, and they usually seek medical intervention because of cosmetic reason.
- The signs and symptoms of lymphangioma vary depending on the type, size and location of the mass.[7]
- Cystic hygroma, which is also known as cystic lymphangioma or macrocystic lymphatic malformation, is a red or bluish swelling of the skin the neck, axilla or groin region that consists of large, fluid-filled spaces. Some say it is a type of cavernous lymphangioma.
- It consists of tiny, fluid-filled spaces and ranges in color from clear to pink, dark red, brown or black.
Complications:
Common complications of lymphangiomas are primarily associated to the location of lesion.[8]
Growth of lesion causes compressive effects on surrounding tissues. Which include following:[9]
- Dyspnea: Trachea[10]
- Dysphagia: Esophagous[11]
- Constipation: Gastrointestinal tract[12]
- Diplopia and proptosis: Retro-orbital tissue of eye[13]
- Wheeze: Lower Respiratory tract[14]
- Chest Pain: Mediastinum
- Shortness of breadth: Lungs[10]
- Bladder Obstruction: Urinary tract
- Bone loss or overgrowth: Skeletal tissue[15]
- Inflammation or bleeding into the lesion
- Recurrent Cellulitis:Visible deformity[16]
Prognosis
Prognosis of lymphangioma is generally excellent after surgical intervention.
References
- ↑ Wassef M, Blei F, Adams D, Alomari A, Baselga E, Berenstein A, Burrows P, Frieden IJ, Garzon MC, Lopez-Gutierrez JC, Lord DJ, Mitchel S, Powell J, Prendiville J, Vikkula M (July 2015). "Vascular Anomalies Classification: Recommendations From the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies". Pediatrics. 136 (1): e203–14. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-3673. PMID 26055853.
- ↑ Jayappa SN, Rao P, Tandon AS, Bharathy K, Sikora SS (January 2018). "Large cystic lympangioma of the pancreas: a case reportum". Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 100 (1): e12–e14. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2017.0178. PMID 29046074.
- ↑ Lymphangioma. PathologyOutlines (2016) http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/softtissuelymphangiomacystic.html Accessed on March 5, 2016
- ↑ Kocher HM, Vijaykumar T, Koti RS, Bapat RD (1995). "Lymphangioma of the chest wall". J Postgrad Med. 41 (3): 89–90. PMID 10707725.
- ↑ Dhrif AS, El Euch D, Daghfous M, Cherif F, Mokni M, Dhahri AB (September 2008). "[Macrocystic lymphatic lymphangioma (cystic lymphangioma) of the upper extremity: a case report]". Arch Pediatr (in French). 15 (9): 1416–9. doi:10.1016/j.arcped.2008.06.003. PMID 18667296.
- ↑ Selz PA, Arjmand EM (March 1998). "Laryngeal lymphangioma: a case report of an uncommon entity". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 118 (3 Pt 1): 382–4. doi:10.1016/S0194-59989870320-1. PMID 9527122.
- ↑
- ↑ Faul JL, Berry GJ, Colby TV, Ruoss SJ, Walter MB, Rosen GD, Raffin TA (March 2000). "Thoracic lymphangiomas, lymphangiectasis, lymphangiomatosis, and lymphatic dysplasia syndrome". Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 161 (3 Pt 1): 1037–46. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.161.3.9904056. PMID 10712360.
- ↑ Runyon BA, Forker EL, Sopko JA (May 1979). "Pleural-fluid kinetics in a patient with primary lymphedema, pleural effusions, and yellow nails". Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 119 (5): 821–5. doi:10.1164/arrd.1979.119.5.821. PMID 453703.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Williams WT, Cole RR (March 1993). "Lymphangioma presenting as congenital stridor". Int. J. Pediatr. Otorhinolaryngol. 26 (2): 185–91. PMID 8444562.
- ↑ Duhra PM, Quigley EM, Marsh MN (November 1985). "Chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia and the 'yellow-nail' syndrome". Gut. 26 (11): 1266–9. PMC 1432907. PMID 4065700.
- ↑ Duhra PM, Quigley EM, Marsh MN (November 1985). "Chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia and the 'yellow-nail' syndrome". Gut. 26 (11): 1266–9. PMC 1432907. PMID 4065700.
- ↑ Runyon BA, Forker EL, Sopko JA (May 1979). "Pleural-fluid kinetics in a patient with primary lymphedema, pleural effusions, and yellow nails". Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 119 (5): 821–5. doi:10.1164/arrd.1979.119.5.821. PMID 453703.
- ↑ Papsin BC, Evans JN (October 1996). "Isolated laryngeal lymphangioma: a rare cause of airway obstruction in infants". J Laryngol Otol. 110 (10): 969–72. PMID 8977864.
- ↑ Ogita S, Deguchi E, Tokiwa K, Iwata J, Kubota Y, Iwai N (January 1998). "Ongoing osteolysis in patients with lymphangioma". J. Pediatr. Surg. 33 (1): 45–8. PMID 9473098.
- ↑ MANN TP (May 1955). "Hemihypertrophy left side of body; congenital lymphatic oedema of left arm; radiological enlargement of heart shadow". Proc. R. Soc. Med. 48 (5): 330–1. PMC 1918895. PMID 14395215.