Infectious disease classification: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 22:22, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Overview

Among the almost infinite varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals.^[1] Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. Infectious microorganisms, or microbes, are therefore classified as either primary pathogens or as opportunistic pathogens according to the status of host defenses.

Classification

Infectious disease are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These disease can be categorized into 4 main categories:

Bacterial infections
Viral infecions
Fungal infections
Parasitic infections

Bacterial infections

Bacterial infections can be classified based on their cellular features and specificities including:

Cellular wall thickness: Gram staining mathod
- Gram positive bacteria
- Gram negative bacteria
Microscopic shape
- Bacillus shaped bacteria
- Branchig shaped bacteria
- Coccus shaped bacteria
- Coma shaped bacteria
Use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP
- Aerobics
- Anaerobics
Oxidative damage susceptibility=Catalase enzyme
- Catalase positive bacteria
- Catalase negative bacteria
Oxidase containing method
- Oxidase positive bacteria
- Oxidase negative bacteria
Lactose fermenting method
- Lactose fermenting bacteria
- Non-lactose fermenting bacteria
Coagulase containing method
- Coagulase positive bacteria
- Coagulase negative bacteria

Viral classification:

Genetic material
- DNA virus
- RNA virus
Number of genetic copies in the virus
- Single stranded genome
- Double stranded genome

RNA viruses themselves can be categorized based on their ability to use host cell polymerizes or need to bring their own polymerizes with themselves into 2 categories:

Positive stranded viruses
Negative stranded viruses

Bacterial classification

Bacteria

Gram staining

Gram positive

Aerobic

Anerobic

Bacillus shaped bacteria

Branching shaped bacteria

Bacillus shaped bacteria

Coccus shaped bacteria

Branching shaped bacteria

Listeria
Bacillus
Corynebacterium

Nocardia

Clostridium
Propionibacterium

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus

Actinomyces

Gram negative

Coccus shaped bacteria

Bacillus shaped bacteria

Comma shaped bacteria

Campylobacter jejuni
Vibrio cholerae
Helicobacter pylori

Diplococcus shaped gram negative bacteria

Coccobacillus shaped gram negative bacteria

Neisseria gonorrhoaea
Neisseia meningtidis
Moraxella

Haemophilus influenzae
Pasteurella
Brucella
Bordetella pertussis
Francisella tularensis

Lactose fermentation

Positive

Negative

Klebsiella
Escherichia coli
Enterobacter
Citrobacter
Serratia

Pseudomonas
Shigella
Salmonella
Yersinia
Proteus

Viral classification

Virus classification

Viral genome type

DNA viruses

RNA viruses

ssDNA

dsDNA

ssRNA

dsRNA

Parvovirus

Reoviridae

Linear genome

Circular genome

Positive strand

Negative strand

Herpes virus
Adenovirus
Poxvirus
Parvovirus

Papillomavirus
Polyomavirus
Hepadnavirus

Picornaviruses
Hepevirus
Caliciviruses
Flaviviruses
Togaviruses
Retroviruses
Coronaviruses
Arenaviruses

Arenavirus
Bunyavirus
Paramyxovirus
Orthomyxoviruses
Filoviruses
Rhabdoviruses

Fungal classification

Mycology classification

Main infectious sites and methods

Systemic mycoses

Cutaneous mycoses

Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Coccidioidomyces
Paracoccidioidomyces

Opportunistic fungal infections

Candida albicans
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Mucor spp.
Rhizopus spp.
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Sporothrix schenckii

Tinea dermatophytes

Tinea pityriasis versicolor

Tinea capitis
Tinea corporis
Tinea cruris
Tinea pedis
Tinea unguium

Malassezia spp.
(a Pityrosporum spp.)

Parasitic classification

Parasites classification

Main categories

Ectoparasites

Protozoa

Worms

Sarcoptes scabiei
Pediculus humanus
Phthirus pubis

gastrointestinal infections

CNS infections

hematologic infections

Visceral infections
and
Sexual transmitted diseases

Nematodes (roundworms)

Cestodes (tapeworms)

Trematodes (flukes)

Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium

Toxoplasma gondii
Naegleria fowleri
Trypanosoma brucei

Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium falciparum
Plasmodium malariae
Babesia

Trypanosoma cruzi
Leishmania donovani
Trichomonas vaginalis

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator americanus (hookworms)
Trichinella spiralis
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)
Toxocara canis
Onchocerca volvulus
Loa loa
Wuchereria bancrofti

Taenia solium
Diphyllobothrium latum
Echinococcus granulosus

Schistosoma
Clonorchis sinensis

References

↑ This section incorporatespublic domain materials included in the text: Medical Microbiology Fourth Edition: Chapter 8 (1996) . Baron, Samuel MD. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[Baron-1] This section incorporatespublic domain materials included in the text: Medical Microbiology Fourth Edition: Chapter 8 (1996) . Baron, Samuel MD. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.

[1]

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 {{Infectious disease}}
-Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here.  It's easy!  Click  [[Help:How_to_Edit_a_Page|here]]  to learn about editing.
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 Among the almost infinite varieties of microorganisms, relatively few cause disease in otherwise healthy individuals.<ref name="Baron">This section incorporates[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed public domain] materials included in the text: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?call=bv.View..ShowTOC&rid=mmed.TOC&depth=10 Medical Microbiology] Fourth Edition: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mmed.chapter.594 Chapter 8] (1996) . Baron, Samuel MD. The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.</ref> Infectious disease results from the interplay between those few pathogens and the defenses of the hosts they infect. The appearance and severity of disease resulting from any pathogen depends upon the ability of that pathogen to damage the host as well as the ability of the host to resist the pathogen. Infectious microorganisms, or microbes, are therefore classified as either ''primary pathogens'' or as ''opportunistic pathogens'' according to the status of host defenses.
-==Classification==
+== Classification ==
-===Classification Based Upon Infectious Microorganism===
+Infectious disease are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These disease can be categorized into 4 main categories:
+* Bacterial infections
+* Viral infecions
+* Fungal infections
+* Parasitic infections
+==== Bacterial infections ====
+Bacterial infections can be classified based on their cellular features and specificities including:
+* Cellular wall thickness: Gram staining mathod
+** Gram positive bacteria
+** Gram negative bacteria
+* Microscopic shape
+** Bacillus shaped bacteria
+** Branchig shaped bacteria
+** Coccus shaped bacteria
+** Coma shaped bacteria
+* Use an O2-dependent system to generate ATP
+** Aerobics
+** Anaerobics
+* Oxidative damage susceptibility=Catalase enzyme
+** Catalase positive bacteria
+** Catalase negative bacteria
+* Oxidase containing method
+** Oxidase positive bacteria
+** Oxidase negative bacteria
+* Lactose fermenting method
+** Lactose fermenting bacteria
+** Non-lactose fermenting bacteria
+* Coagulase containing method
+** Coagulase positive bacteria
+** Coagulase negative bacteria
+Viral classification:
+* Genetic material
+** DNA virus
+** RNA virus
+* Number of genetic copies in the virus
+** Single stranded genome
+** Double stranded genome
+RNA viruses themselves can be categorized based on their ability to use host cell polymerizes or need to bring their own polymerizes with themselves into 2 categories:
+* Positive stranded viruses
+* Negative stranded viruses
+==Bacterial classification==
 {{Family tree/start}}
@@ Line 19: / Line 60: @@
 {{Family tree | | | A01 | | | | | | | A03 | | | | | | | | | |:|A01 = Aerobic | A03 = Anerobic }}
 {{Family tree | |,|-|^|-|.| | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | |:| | }}
-{{Family tree |A01| |A02| |A03| |A04| |A05| | | | |:| | | | A01 = Bacilli shaped bacteria | A02 = Branching shaped bacteria | A03 =  Bacilli shaped bacteria | A04 = Coccus shaped bacteria| A05 = Branching shaped bacteria }}
+{{Family tree |A01| |A02| |A03| |A04| |A05| | | | |:| | | | A01 = Bacillus shaped bacteria | A02 = Branching shaped bacteria | A03 =  Bacillus shaped bacteria | A04 = Coccus shaped bacteria| A05 = Branching shaped bacteria }}
 {{Family tree |A01| |A02| |A03| |A04| |A05| | | | |:| | | | A01 = Listeria <br> Bacillus <br> Corynebacterium  | A02 = Nocardia | A03 =  Clostridium <br> Propionibacterium | A04 = Staphylococcus <br> Streptococcus | A05 = Actinomyces }}
 {{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |:| | | |}}
 {{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A01 = Gram negative}}
-{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | A01 = Gram negative}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|.|}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | A02 | | | A03 | | A01 = Coccus shaped bacteria | A02 = Bacillus shaped bacteria | A03 = Comma shaped bacteria}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | A03 | | A03 = Campylobacter jejuni <br> Vibrio cholerae <br> Helicobacter pylori }}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |!| | | | | | | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | |!| | | | | | | | A01 = Diplococcus shaped gram negative bacteria | A02 = Coccobacillus shaped gram negative bacteria }}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | |!| | | | | | | | A01 = Neisseria gonorrhoaea <br> Neisseia meningtidis <br> Moraxella | A02 = Haemophilus influenzae <br> Pasteurella <br> Brucella <br> Bordetella pertussis <br> Francisella tularensis}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | A01 = Lactose fermentation}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | |}}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | A02 | | | | A01 = Positive | A02 = Negative }}
+{{Family tree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | A02 | | | | A01 = Klebsiella <br> Escherichia coli <br> Enterobacter <br> Citrobacter <br> Serratia| A02 = Pseudomonas <br> Shigella <br> Salmonella <br> Yersinia <br> Proteus}}
+{{Family tree/end}}
+== Viral classification ==
+{{familytree/start}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01 = Virus classification }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01 = Viral genome type}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | C01 = DNA viruses |C02 = RNA viruses }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | |!| }}
+{{familytree | | | | |,|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|.| |}}
+{{familytree | | | | A01 | | | A02 | | | | | A03 | | | A04 | A01 = ssDNA | A02 = dsDNA | A03 = ssRNA | A04 = dsRNA }}
+{{familytree | | | | A01 | | | |!| | | | | | |!| | | | A04 | A01 = Parvovirus | A04 = Reoviridae }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | | | | }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | | | A03 | | A04 | | A01 = Linear genome | A02 = Circular genome | A03 = Positive strand | A04 = Negative strand }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | | | A03 | | A04 | | A01 = Herpes virus <br> Adenovirus <br> Poxvirus <br> Parvovirus <br> | A02 = Papillomavirus <br> Polyomavirus <br> Hepadnavirus | A03 = Picornaviruses <br> Hepevirus <br> Caliciviruses <br> Flaviviruses <br> Togaviruses <br> Retroviruses <br> Coronaviruses <br> Arenaviruses | A04 =  Arenavirus <br> Bunyavirus <br> Paramyxovirus <br> Orthomyxoviruses <br> Filoviruses <br> Rhabdoviruses}}
+{{familytree/end}}
+== Fungal classification ==
+{{familytree/start}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01 = Mycology classification }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01 = Main infectious sites and methods }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | C01 | | | | | |!| | | | | | C02 | C01 = Systemic mycoses | C02 = Cutaneous mycoses }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | C01 | | | | | C03 | | | | | C02 | C01 =  Histoplasma <br> Blastomyces <br> Coccidioidomyces <br> Paracoccidioidomyces | C02 = Candida albicans <br> Aspergillus fumigatus <br> Cryptococcus neoformans <br> Mucor spp. <br> Rhizopus spp. <br> Pneumocystis jirovecii <br> Sporothrix schenckii | C03 = Opportunistic fungal infections }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | A02 | | | | A01 = Tinea dermatophytes | A02 = Tinea pityriasis versicolor }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | A02 | | | | A01 = Tinea capitis <br> Tinea corporis <br> Tinea cruris <br> Tinea pedis <br> Tinea unguium | A02 = Malassezia spp. <br> (a Pityrosporum spp.) }}
+{{familytree/end}}
-{{Family tree/end}}
+== Parasitic classification ==
+{{familytree/start}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01 = Parasites classification }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | |B01 = Main categories }}
+{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
+{{familytree | A01 | | | | | | | | | C01 | | | | | | | | | | | | C02 | A01 = Ectoparasites | C01 = Protozoa | C02 = Worms }}
+{{familytree | A01 | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|.| | | | |,|-|-|+|-|-|.| A01 = Sarcoptes scabiei <br> Pediculus humanus <br> Phthirus pubis}}
+{{familytree | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 | | B01 | | B02 | | B03 | A01 = gastrointestinal infections | A02 = CNS infections | A03 = hematologic infections | A04 = Visceral infections <br> and <br> Sexual transmitted diseases | B01 = Nematodes (roundworms) |B02 = Cestodes (tapeworms) | B03 = Trematodes (flukes) }}
+{{familytree | | | | | | A01 | | A02 | | A03 | | A04 | | B01 | | B02 | | B03 | A01 = Giardia lamblia <br> Entamoeba histolytica <br> Cryptosporidium | A02 = Toxoplasma gondii <br> Naegleria fowleri <br> Trypanosoma brucei | A03 = Plasmodium vivax <br> Plasmodium ovale <br> Plasmodium falciparum <br> Plasmodium malariae <br> Babesia | A04 = Trypanosoma cruzi <br> Leishmania donovani <br> Trichomonas vaginalis | B01 = Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) <br> Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) <br> Strongyloides
+stercoralis (threadworm) <br> Ancylostoma duodenale <br> Necator americanus (hookworms) <br> Trichinella spiralis <br> Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) <br> Toxocara canis <br> Onchocerca volvulus <br> Loa loa <br> Wuchereria bancrofti | B02 = Taenia solium <br> Diphyllobothrium latum <br> Echinococcus granulosus | B03 = Schistosoma <br> Clonorchis sinensis }}
+{{familytree/end}}
-Infectious disease are caused by pathogenic microorganisms. These disease can be categorized into 4 main categories:
-* Bacterial infections
-* Viral infecions
-* Fungal infections
-* Parasitic infections
-Each one of these pathological infections then can be categorized based on different methods:
-* Bacterial classification based on:
-** Gram staining mathod
-*** Gram positive bacteria
-*** Gram negative bacteria
-** Oxidase containing method
-*** Oxidase positive bacteria
-*** Oxidase negative bacteria
-** Lactose fermenting method
-*** Lactose fermenting bacteria
-*** Non-lactose fermenting bacteria
-** Coagulase containing method
-*** Coagulase positive bacteria
-*** Coagulase negative bacteria
-* Viral classification:
-** Genetic material
-*** DNA virus
-*** RNA virus
-** Number of genetic copies in the virus
-*** Single stranded genome
-*** Double stranded genome
-RNA viruses themselves can be categorized based on their ability to use host cell polymerizes or need to bring their own polymerizes with themselves into 2 categories:
-* Positive stranded viruses
-* Negative stranded viruses
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
-[[Category:primary care]]
-[[Category:Needs content]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
+[[Category:Needs content]]

Infectious disease classification: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 22:22, 29 July 2020

Overview

Classification

Bacterial infections

Bacterial classification

Viral classification

Fungal classification

Parasitic classification

References

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